Developmental Disability - 1033 Words

Near the end of the year of 2000, Bill Clinton signed the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act. President Clinton built upon the legislation written during earlier decades , to improve services for people with developmental disabilities. This act helped support people with disabilities in pursuing paid work, and highlighted the importance of integration and upkeep in accessible technology. https://www.acl.gov/about-acl/authorizing-statutes/developmental-disabilities-assistance-and-bill-rights-act-2000 Four years later in 2004, the Assistive Technology Act was amended. Technology was advancing faster than ever before, and this act required that states provide aid to people with disabilities to ensure they have access†¦show more content†¦This act required that all new buildings were to be designed, constructed, altered or leased, must be physically designed to be accessible to those with disabilities. This was of high importance since the act was nationally enforced, which ultimately changed the codes of architecture for the better. https://www.access-board.gov/the-board/laws/architectural-barriers-act-aba Meanwhile in May of 2009, Ed Roberts, a student at the University of California, founded the† Independent Living Center† of Berkeley. This service received national coverage, people were fascinated with how the organization worked by the people for the people and what the program advocated. They even protested against President Nixon when he vetoed earlier v ersions of the Rehabilitation Act. With the combined efforts of students and the nation, communities started paying attention to what issues people with disabilities faced and how they could help. This included struggles seeking employment, housing, or using transportation. https://www.independentliving.org/docs3/zukas.html What followed was the â€Å"Transportation as an Employment Service Movement†, which advocated the importance of transportation and its link to employment or education. This nationally-recognized movement promoted the widespread need of lifts in buses, or elevators in buildings. In June of 2009, the â€Å"Workforce Recruitment Program for College Students withShow MoreRelatedDevelopmental Disabilities : A Developmental Disability2080 Words   |  9 PagesDid you know that an estimated 4.6 million Americans have a developmental disability? That is almost five percent of the country’s population, not including the hundreds of people that go untreated, or who have never been diagnosed. The term â€Å"developmental disabilities† refers to a group of conditions that cause impairment in physical, learning, language, or behavioral development. Typically manifesting during the primary development period (between ages 2 and 17), these conditions usually lastRead MoreEssay on Developmental Disabilities1474 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopmental Disabilities Amy Giles Axia College of University of Phoenix HHS 325- Health and Human Service in the U.S. David Sainio December 10, 2006 Developmental Disabilities Living with disabilities on a daily basis can be more difficult then some realize. Many people who are born with developmental disabilities start their education and therapy at a very young age and there are also those people who have been diagnosed with a disability sometime during theirRead MoreUnderstanding Services for Developmental Disabilities1013 Words   |  5 PagesAs a parent, learning that your child has developmental disabilities can be a life altering moment in time and can cause a devastating chain reaction of events. These events have the potential to change family priorities and structure, hurt relationships, deplete financial savings and stability, and emotionally drain everyone intimately involved with you and your child. How do you find human services programs, agencies, or advocates, whose primary job is to help you provide everything your childRead MoreA Research Study On Developmental Disability826 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Gail Goldsmith, BSW, who just retired from Northern Lakes Community Mental Health, NLCMH is authorized by the Michigan Department of Community Health to provide mental health services and services to those with developmental disabilities. Developmental disability is generally defined as a chronic condition, with an onset before age 22, that cause impairment in one or more areas that impact day-to-day functioning such as learning, communication (expressive and receptive language), mobilityRead MoreDisability, Social, And Developmental Disabilities2100 Words   |  9 PagesWhat do I already know about disability and social justice in a few words (you can list terms or share a few experiences you’ve had)? My understanding of a disability is type of impairment that can hinder someone to not be able to function at the same level as someone who is considered â€Å"normal.† While I believe that many people believe disabilities are mostly physical, there are also mental and social disabilities. I predict that there are more types that I will uncover in this chapter. Social justiceRead MoreSocial Inclusion And Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pagesamong people with intellect ual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) the social dynamics of these circumstances can be more complex then traditionally anticipated. In the United States of American six and a half million people, on average, have intellectual and or developmental disabilities. This translates into two and a half percent of the population (Morstad 2010). Globally, about two hundred million people have intellectual and or developmental disabilities. Worldwide, this makes up for threeRead MoreThe American Association Of Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pagessimple adult daily living activities, such as hygiene and self-care. People with disabilities may be restricted from participating in events in society because of their functional disabilities. Environmental and personal factors also play a role in affecting people’s lives (CDC, 2014). According to the U.S. Department of Justice (2009): An individual with a disability is defined by the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) as a person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantiallyRead MoreChildren With Developmental Disabilities During The 1960s Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pages During the 1950s, people who had a disability had two options of housing which included living with their families or living in an institution. However, families did not receive much support since most public welfare services were used towards institutional care, such as mental hospitals and orphanages. Throughout the 1960s there were movements to deinstitutionalize, which at that time basically led to smaller institutions. The 1970s allowed for even smaller community-based residential servicesRead MoreA Forgotten Population: Seniors with Developmental Disabilities1809 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to Heller and Factor (as cited in Wood Jackson, 2003) the number of â€Å"older adults age 60 and older who are diagnosed with men tal retardation or developmental disabilities is expected to reach 1,065,000 by 2030.† In fact, â€Å"in the last 30 years, the life expectancy of people with intellectual disability has increased more dramatically than that of the general population† (Bigby, 2010). Doka and Lavin (2003) report that advances in medical care and a shift to deinstitutionalization haveRead MoreDevelopmental Disability : A Diverse Group Of Chronic Conditions2023 Words   |  9 PagesDevelopmental disability is a diverse group of chronic conditions that are due to mental or physical impairments. Developmental disabilities cause individuals living with them many difficulties in certain areas of life, especially in language, mobility, learning, self-help, and independent living. Developmental disabilities are usually identified early in childhood and will probably persist throughout the individual’s lifespan. This paper will identify the various aspects of how developmental

Essay Double Lives in Victorian Literature - 1407 Words

The existence of a â€Å"dark double† abounds in many literary works of the Victorian Era. These â€Å"dark doubles† are able to explore the forbidden and repressed desires of the protagonist, and often represent the authors own rebellion against inhibitions in a morally straight-laced societal climate. The â€Å"dark doubles† in these stories are able to explore the socially unacceptable side of human nature, and it is through these â€Å"dark doubles† that many of the main characters (and through them, the reader), are able to vicariously explore and experience the illicit, forbidden, and often exciting underbelly of what was considered deviant behavior. The accepted â€Å"normal† behavior that strict Victorian social protocol†¦show more content†¦For most of the play, Jack is Jack, not Ernest, and when the lies and deceit finally catch up to Jack, who needs to make his â€Å"brother† Ernest disappear, and at the same time, become a man named Ernest, one feels both amused and confused at the hypocrisy surrounding these strange events. Wildes implications are clear when we discover that Jacks real Christian name is in fact Ernest John. Although Jack felt societal pressure to create the persona of Ernest, they are still the same man, having to hide his identity while fulfilling hidden desires does not change that. The irony here is that Jack needed Ernest, or at least the name of Ernest, to exist in order to achieve the respectable, socially acceptable life that the â€Å"good† side of his persona aspires too. Like much of Wildes work, the play ends on a witty and humorous note, with Jack telling his beloved Gwendolen, â€Å" it is a terrible thing for a man to find out suddenly that all his life he has been speaking nothing but the truth† (720). Jack understands the hypocrisy he has tried to undermine by becoming Ernest while in London, that by pretending to have this irresponsible and unsavory brother, he has flaunted the hypocrisy of the Victorian social structure and has also become a hypocrite himself. His â€Å"dark double†, Ernest, has allowed him to relinquish the responsibilities of his life as a properShow MoreRelatedThe Influence Of Victorian Society On Relationships And Marriage1642 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influence of Victorian Society on Relationships and Marriage Marriage was of utmost importance during the 1830’s to the 1900’s. The â€Å"ideal† relationship had been searched for by both men and women using the standards that the commonwealth had created. When reading Oscar Wilde’s â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest† and associating it to society’s expectations for both genders throughout the Victorian era, people are depicted as being very effected and influenced by the set rules and boundaries.Read MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde : Literary Review1515 Words   |  7 Pagespoverty, and labor issues. The Victorian novel allows those who had access to them discover and focus on moral issues with society. Among the novel that were created during the era, the genre of a gothic novella emerged. Well knowns gothic novellas included Frankenstein, The Picture of Dorian Gray, and The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Robert Stevenson’s gothic novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde introduces several themes that reflect the Victorian society. The novella can beRead MoreOscar Wilde’S The Importance Of Being Earnest Was Written1600 Words   |  7 Pagesmovement previously: Victorian/Realism. Wilde suggests that keeping up appearances was so significant during the Victorian ages that men engaged in bunburying: the idea that people take on a different persona, whether real or imagined, as an escape from their current life or in order to portray themselves in a better light. Wilde uses satirical humor in The Importance of Being Earnest to reveal his disdain at the hypocritical customs and shallow lives of the Victorian people; in particularRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde1293 Words   |  6 PagesTyreece Lockhart Ms. Mabry British Literature 9 May 2015 Little Secrets The life of the Victorian people was a time in which people were prude because of their repression. Many of the people of that time had a lot of pent-up emotions, there was a time and a place for something and it solemn did any good for anyone, depending on your class you had to have a curtain way of carrying yourself, many of which was not the must enjoyable of ways and lacked some fun that many need in their life. This forcedRead MoreAnalysis Of Tipping The Velvet By Sarah Waters1475 Words   |  6 Pagesrepresentations. Specifically looking at this representation in Tipping the Velvet by Sarah Waters a Neo-Victorian fiction novel, Analysing how the performance and act of a male impersonation is created represented and how the act is received. Neo –Victorian literature is most commonly seen as contemporary fiction or culture, which is usually set between 1837 and 1901- during the Victorian era, or it is highly influenced by this period. In the years that followed 1901 and up until this very dayRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe and the Search for the American Identity1321 Words   |  6 Pagestowards a unique American disposition by creating a double consiousness, one representing European values and the other American values. [journey showing from euro to transition to american readers acan clearly see the struggel in poes writings or hw he transitions from euro tp american voice] Before and after independance, Americans relied heavily on the British and their influences. These influences, such as the values and morals of Victorian society, could be seen in the northern cities as wellRead MoreFeminism In The Handmaids Tale1709 Words   |  7 Pagesseveral years after Canadian women’s suffrage had begun occurring in 1918, was inspired by the American suffrage movements in history to create the society seen in The Handmaid’s Tale (Hill). Atwood, through her poetry and literature, uses her feminist brand that views women as double-minded about their status as daughters, mothers, and wives in order to produce a patriarchal society that damages the place of women in society (â€Å"Margaret (Eleanor) Atwood†). Atwood places the narration of the novel inRead MoreAnalysis Of The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde, By Robert Louis Stevenson1323 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the Victorian era, the United Kingdom underwent many social, politica l and economic reforms for a more modern society. These series of reforms are directly represented in the literature of the time. An excellent example is, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, by Robert Louis Stevenson, which gives a direct image of what Victorian era was like with his writing style as well as the story itself. Specifically, Stevenson portrays exactly how Victorian social life commenced as well asRead Moreâ€Å"The picture of Dorian Gray† Oscar Wilde- Born on 16th of October in 1854, Oscar Wilde would700 Words   |  3 PagesWestland Row, Dublin. Wilde was born into a Anglo-Irish family, as he would blossom Wilde became fluent in French and German. Wilde studied at the Trinity College in Dublin, while studying Wilde obtained a distinct interest in Greek literature. Concluding his study of literature for 9 years he was eventually accepted to the Magdalen College in Oxford in 1878. After graduating Wilde moved to Paris where he would meet a woman named Constance Lloyd, who would become his wife on May 24th, 1884. With yearsRead MoreWomen In Victorian Era Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the Victorian era, women were viewed as the very opposite of what a man ought to be. In the words of John Stuart Mill, who published a criticism of the way society differentiated between males and females The female sex was brought up to believe that its ‘ideal of character’ was the very opposite to that of men’s ‘not self-will , and government by self-control, but submission, and yielding to the control of others to live for others; to make complete abnegation of themselves, and to have

Global Outlook Global Free Zones of the Future 2012/13 Free Essays

string(25) " partners as it expands\." GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 Global Free Zones of the Future 2012/13 Winners fDi MAGAZiNE’S SEcONd GLOBAL RANkiNG OF EcONOMic ZONES HAS AwARdEd duBAi AiRpORt FREE ZONE tHE titLE OF GLOBAL FREE ZONE OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13. Grainne Byrne ANd Courtney FinGar REpORt ON tHE RESuLtS 20 www. fdiintelligence. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Outlook Global Free Zones of the Future 2012/13 or any similar topic only for you Order Now com June/July 2012 GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 D ubai Airport Free Zone (Dafza), located in the United Arab Emirates, has been crowned fDi Magazine’s Global Free Zone of the Future 2012/13. It has moved from second place in the ranking two years ago to be awarded the top spot. Dafza, which was established in 1996 and considers itself to be the fastest growing free zone in the Middle East, impressed the independent judging panel for a variety of reasons. It has excellent transportation links and a clear focus on attracting FDI. The zone only registers foreign companies, and has more than 1300 operational presently. Dafza has an increasing environmental awareness and is implementing ‘green buildings’ and an Inter national Organisation for Standardisation energy management system. Second position goes to UAE-based Dubai International Financial Centre, a newcomer to the ranking. Chinabased Shanghai Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone (WFTZ), the champion from the 2010/11 ranking, moves into third place. The remainder of the top 10 is made up by Iskandar (Malaysia), DuBiotech (UAE), Tanger Free Zone (Morocco), Freeport of Ventspils (Latvia), The Clark Freeport Zone (Philippines), Chittagong Export Processing Zone (Bangladesh) and Dubai Media City (UAE). As well as being overall fDi Global Free Zone of the Future 2012/13, Dafza takes the top spot in the ‘Best Airport Zone’ category. It is followed by Tanger Free Zone and The Clark Freeport Zone. The top three in the ‘Best Port Zone’ category is led by Tanger Free Zone, with Freeport of Ventspils placed second and Mauritius Freeport coming in third position. Zones from the Middle East – in particular the UAE – dominated the rankings, with 23 of the top 50 zones coming from the Middle East region and 14 of them from the UAE alone. This is the second such ranking produced by fDi Magazine, with the inaugural Global Free Zones of the Future biennial benchmark being published in June 2010. June/July 2012 www. fdiintelligence. com 21 t GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 op 50 FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13: OVERALL RANK NAme of zoNe couNtRy â€Å"We have made plans for expansion in the future, to [eventually] bring another 1500 companies to the dubai airport free Zone† dr mohammed al Zarooni 22 www. fdiintelligence. com June/July 2012 t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11= 11= 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37= 37= 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Dubai airport Free Zone dubai international Financial centre Shanghai waigaoqiao Free trade Zone iskandar duBiotech tanger Free Zone Freeport of Ventspils the clark Freeport Zone chittagong Export processing Zone dubai Media city JLt Freezone katowice Special Economic Zone dubai Silicon Oasis Mauritius Freeport Bahrain international investment park khalifa Bin Salman port Salalah Free Zone Lodz Special Economic Zone Bahrain international Airport Aqaba Special Economic Zone twofour54 (Media Zone Authority, Abu dhabi) walbrzych Special Economic Zone dubai international Academic city dubai Healthcare city Rakia Economic Zone dahej Special Economic Zone dubai Studio city El paso international Airport dubai knowledge Village Bahrain Logistics Zone Ras Al khaimah Free trade Zone Montreal port Aqaba international industrial Estate Astana New city Special Economic Zone pomeranian Special Economic Zone klaipeda Free Economic Zone Starachowice Special Economic Zone Sheffield city Region Enterprise Zone industrial Free Zone – togo SEZ Alabuga Free Zone pirot international Media production Zone Zagreb Free Zone dead Sea development Zone Jabal Ajloun development Zone polaris international industrial par k Birmingham city centre Enterprise Zone technological industrial development Zone Skopje 1 2 Southeast-Ecka, Zrenjanin Freeport of Riga Rezekne Special Economic Zone Authority ae uAE china Malaysia uAE Morocco Latvia philippines Bangladesh uAE uAE poland uAE Mauritius Bahrain Bahrain Oman poland Bahrain Jordan uAE poland uAE uAE uAE india uAE uS uAE Bahrain uAE canada Jordan kazakhstan poland Lithuania poland uk togo Russia Serbia uAE croatia Jordan Egypt uk Macedonia Serbia Latvia Latvia Secrets of success The world-beating Dafza has set ambitious targets for expansion and diversification and made a point to hedge against potential challenges presented by the global economic climate in the short to medium term. It has also kept a careful eye on the long term. Speaking to fDi in his Dubai offices in January 2012, the Dafza director-general outlined plans to offset the prospects of a slowdown in its core investor markets of Europe and the US, while also increasing the zone’s status as a contributor to the emirate’s GDP. â€Å"The next expansion will be in the next year,† Dr Mohammed Al Zarooni said. We have made plans for expansion in the future, to [eventually] bring another 1500 companies to the Dubai Airport Free Zone, because we have space for that and we can expand. † In the nearer term, the goal is to attract 600 to 700 additional companies in the next five or six years – in line with Dafza’s rate of growth in the 15 years since its inception, which has seen it average 100 new companies each year. With Dafza currently based on a 700,000-square-metre site, it is hoping to expand eastwards this year, with a view to occupying a 100,000-square-metre leasable area. â€Å"We have [already attracted] 1450 companies,† said Mr Al Zarooni. The intention is to further increase that number, while keeping an eye on the quality of investments, he added. While keen to uphold the important role of the European companies in Dafza, which account for 37% of the businesses present, Mr Al Zarooni remains aware of the need to diversify the free zone’s economic partners as it expands. You read "Global Outlook Global Free Zones of the Future 2012/13" in category "Essay examples" â€Å"The majority of our clients are from Europe and they are facing a lot of problems, but that doesn’t mean we are going to stop,† he said. â€Å"We are thankful we brought many companies in last year from Japan. This year our focus will be on the Far East: Singapore, South Korea, Hong Kong, GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 dubai international airport is home to dubai airport free Zone, which achieved first place in the global free Zones of the future 2012/13 ranking, as well as the leading airport zone top five BESt AiRpORt ZONES RANK NAme of zoNe couNtRy 1 2 3 4 5 5 Dubai airport Free Zone tanger Free Zone the clark Freeport Zone Mauritius Freeport Salalah Free Zone Bahrain international Airport uae Morocco philippines Mauritius Oman Bahrain Japan, China and even India, in case we face some difficulty in bringing in more companies from Europe, America and Australia. † Serving a variety The push for diversification is a mark of many of the world’s more successful zones, according to James Ku, managing director of Indev Partners, who served on the judging panel that helped assess the participating zones for the rankings. â€Å"The most successful zones are either diversified zones with scale or highly specialised zones catering to a specific industry,† he says. Large diversified zones have been able to invest in infrastructure and offer a wide range of amenities, such as ready-built factories that provide flexibility to investors. The large size required to attain economies of scale for such developments have meant that most of the top zones are in the rapidly developing Middle June/July 2012 www. fdiintelligence. com East and Asian countries where land is relatively easier to acquire. Specialised zones have been used most effectively in Dubai, where investors can have access to unique amenities such as laboratories or high-speed communications. † Mr Ku sees the free zone model continuing to have relevance, especially in the current economic climate. Almost all of the zones continue to offer significant tax holidays and fiscal incentives. It highlights that even in a time when budgetary constraints and fiscal austerity are at the forefront, it will be hard for governments to scale back such incentives if they wish to remain globally competitive,† he says. Chairman of the World Free Zone Convention (WFZC) Graham Mather, who served on the judging panel, has also highlighted the vital role that free zones can play in helping the global economy through difficult times. Addressing the 11th â€Å"t he most successful Zones are either diversified Zones With scale or highly specialised Zones catering to a specific industry† James Ku t 25 GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 tanger free Zone is strategically located near to the tanger-med port and is rated the best port zone and sixth best overall free zone top five BESt pORt ZONES RANK NAme of zoNe couNtRy 1 2 3 4 5 tanger Free Zone Freeport of Ventspils Mauritius Freeport khalifa Bin Salman port Salalah Free Zone Morocco Latvia Mauritius Bahrain Oman WFZC event in Shanghai in November 2011, he said free zones â€Å"have much to offer† at a time when the world is desperately seeking job creation, economic growth and development ahead of an anticipated downturn amid a worsening eurozone crisis. â€Å"Free zones are key to the world’s search for growth,† he added. Citing a World Bank study analysing the benefits of free zones, which include the ability to absorb unemployed labour, raise skills and productivity levels, and generate taxes from inception, Mr Mather said these are among the reasons why many countries are returning to the free zone model or newly embracing it as a way out of economic troubles. â€Å"All areas of the world could benefit from free zones and they all need them,† he said. zonal marking Eastern Europe was well represented in the rankings, and judge John Worthington of IBT Partners was among those bullish on the region’s offerings. â€Å"Having worked closely with numerous European economic zones, IBT Partners can say from experience that the high quality of infrastructure and extensive network of all forms of transportation is something that sets European economic zones apart from those of other regions,† he says. With world-class airports, road, railway and port systems strategically clustered in v arious hubs across the continent, companies who are looking to expand their logistics network in Europe are consistently impressed with the efficiency and practicality of its transport systems. According to fDi’s survey, all the European free zones featured in this list are highly â€Å"all areas of the World could benefit from free Zones and they all need them† graham mather 26 t www. fdiintelligence. com June/July 2012 GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 the Waigaoqiao free trade Zone in shanghai is ranked third best free zone of the future accessible and possess well developed transport infrastructure. Asia’s zones are, of course, not to be overlooked. â€Å"With the highest average levels of education among emerging economies, Eastern economic zones have at their disposal a labour force with one of the highest skill-to-cost ratios, resulting in massive influxes of FDI into China and s o u t h – e a s t A s i a ,† s ay s M r W orthington. â€Å"At different stages of transition between primary, secondary and tertiary sectors, these are attractive regions for a wide range of industries. India, China, Singapore and the Philippines, in particular, are regarded as zones of fast growth and attraction, which is reflected by the huge increases in employment in he past two years in their respective economic free zones. † African zones, many of which look to the successful Middle Eastern zones as models, have lagged behind but many are now showing promise. The Industrial Free Zone of Togo was the lone sub-Saharan mainland African zone to make the top 50. â€Å"Due to their comprehensive list of fiscal and non-fiscal incentives, low levels of regulatory restrictions, and rapidly improving standards of living, African free zones are becoming increasingly attractive FDI destinations. Those in Morocco and Mauritius, in particular, couple this with a stable political and economic structure, making them highly d esirable destinations. It is worth men- ioning that the Tanger Economic Free Zone of Morocco boasts an impressive increase of 20,000 employees in the past two years,† says Mr Worthington. A booming region of the world, South America, has been far behind the curve in using free zones as a path to development, as well as in promoting the zones it does have to the world. This is reflected in the poor participation of zones from this region in the benchmarking study. None were cited in the top 50 list. Two North American zones, meanwhile, made the cut. John Hanna, managing director of GDP Global Development, also served on the judging panel, along with fDi editor Courtney Fingar. n October/November 2007 www. fdiintelligence. com June/July 2012 28 GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 skandar in Johor, malaysia, is ranked fourth in the global free Zones of the future 2012/13 JuDGiNG pANeL couRtNey fiNGAR Editor, fDi Magazine More than 600 free zones across 120 coun tries were invited by fDi Magazine to complete a survey requesting both qualitative and methoDoLoGy quantitative data regarding their free zones. The information collected was set under five categories: incentives, facilities, cost-effectiveness, transportation and best FDI promotion. A total of 56 zones submitted details regarding many aspects of their zones and this was judged and scored by an independent judging panel. JohN hANNA Managing director, Gdp Global development JuDGiNG cRiteRiA General inForMation †¢ Totalsize †¢ Totallandavailablefordevelopment †¢ Expansioninlandareainthepasttwo years; and/or plans for expansion in the next two years †¢ Totalofficespaceavailable †¢ Totalemployment †¢ Increaseinemploymentinthepasttwo years †¢ Numberofbusinessesoperatinginthe zone †¢ Totalvolumeofgoodsprocessedinthe zone †¢ Increaseintotalvolumeofgoods processed in the past two years †¢ Percentageofinvestorcompaniesthat expand their presence in the zone †¢ Anyrestrictionsforsettingupinthe zone inCentives †¢ Typesofincentivesoffered †¢ Descriptionoftheincentivesoffered including any requirements for eligibility †¢ Administrativeservicesofferedtoassist investors FaCilities †¢ Keyeconomicandindustrialsectors supported by the zone †¢ Rangeofwarehousefacilities,industrial units, logistics and office spaces available †¢ Amenitiesofferedtohelpinvestors Costs †¢ Annualaveragerentalcostofindustr ial facilities, warehouse space, office space, undeveloped land, condominium and others (per m? ) †¢ Averagecostperunitofwatercosts(per m? ), electricity costs (per kw/hr) and gas costs (per m? †¢ Annualaveragecostoflabourfor unskilled worker, semi-skilled worker and highly skilled worker transportation †¢ Presencewithinzoneofairport,port, major motorways, railway or other †¢ Presencenearzoneofairport,port, major motorways, railway or other †¢ Descriptionofanymajorplanned infrastructure projects proMotion strateGy †¢ Website †¢ Digital/webpromotionactivities undertaken to create interest in the zone †¢ Othermarketing,communicationsor promotional activities undertaken †¢ Methodsusedtoidentifypotential investors, and strategy for approaching and engaging them †¢ Thezone’smarketingslogan/brief summary of its appeal †¢ Statementfromzone’schiefexecutive, director or president on his or her vision for achieving the zone full Fdi potential serviCes *asked of services zones †¢ Descriptionofservicesofferedby companies in the zone †¢Telecommunicationandtechnology infrastructure †¢Disasterrecoveryservicesofferedonsite †¢Internetspeedoffered †¢Availablelabourpoolandthe%ofwhich speak more than one language †¢Officespaceavailability †¢Majorplannedprojects JAmeS Ku Managing director, indev partners GRAhAm mAtheR chairman, world Free Zone convention JohN WoRthiNGtoN partner, iBt partners An additional set of information was sought from airport and port zones regarding their facilities and capacity 30 www. fdiintelligence. com June/July 2012 How to cite Global Outlook Global Free Zones of the Future 2012/13, Essay examples

International Arbitrators for Standards of Conduct- MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInternational Arbitrators for Standards of Conduct. Answer: Introduction Alternative resolution has grown to be one of the most common modes of solving disputes between parties in many jurisdictions (Paulsson, 2010). The concept encompasses various forms of mechanisms such as mediation arbitration and conciliation which work differently. It gives added relevance to state that Arbitration is one of the alternative form of dispute resolution that has been given international recognition through treaties and conventions (Thomas, 1993). In New Zealand arbitration has been given legal force through legislation after the enactment of Arbitration Act 1996 (NZ). Arbitration is mechanism of dispute resolution that does not apply the court rules and it is only effective and successful when the parties involved in the dispute agree. It bears noting that solicitors and lawyers in modern day have been compelled to have arbitration skills because of its increasing importance and popularity in New Zealand. This essay is devoted to evince why arbitration will be the suit able alternative dispute resolution mode to solve the dispute in Rack and Roll case. Where a contract has not provided for an arbitration clause when a dispute arises the obvious action is that the aggrieved party will follow the litigation process through commencing a suit to sue for breach. However, since arbitration has been given the force law in New Zealand a party in a contractual dispute may seek a stay in court or may agree with the other party to arbitrate the matter. The basic rule that guides an arbitration process is that the parties in the dispute are treated equally without bias and thus the parties in Rack and Roll case are likely to get a fair outcome that will end the dispute amicably. Byrne J in the case of Re Tiki Village International Ltd (1994) noted that an arbitrator is like the judge and not is expected that he should not pick sides while solving a dispute. The parties in an arbitration proceeding have the advantage of choosing a location which they are going to hold the proceeding. They also decide with the arbitrator on the day and time of t he proceedings when the arbitration agreement is silent about the time. The location is not imposed on them like it is imposed on parties in litigation proceedings. Ideally, the flexibility that is offered on the parties in arbitration proceedings gives them the impetus to solve their case determinately. The procedure that is applied in arbitration proceeding is not rigid and it is unlikely that the parties will disagree during the proceedings (Thomas, 1993). In New Zealand the objective of arbitration to ensure that the parties end up getting an outcome that will favor both parties and the matter will be heard expeditiously and without great expense (S 1 Arbitration Act 1996). Further the act stipulated that the parties in dispute must given the autonomy to decide how the process of deciding the dispute will operate and deputes that court intervention should be avoided. Arbitration works best through the principle of consent. Before the arbitration process commence the parties in dispute must give express consent that they are willing to pursue arbitration as a mode of agreement. It will be fruitless to compel them to follow arbitration process without there consent. In the Rack roll case Mike walked out of the mediation process and this explains why consent in the arbitration process is a first step to seeking justice for both parties. Where the parties have agreed it is imperative that an arbitration agreement is drafted so that the ri ghts and obligations of the parties are determined (Art. 19 in the Schedule 1 to the Arbitration Act 1996). The significance of the arbitration agreement is that it sets a clear path for the process because each party will have a fair opportunity to present their case. Ideally, an arbitrator must be selected by the parties although in the Rack and Roll case an arbitrator has already been selected. The advantage of the arbitration process is that the arbitrator is guided by the rules that the parties in dispute have stipulated in the arbitration agreement and the general principles of natural justice. Justice Kirby has noted arbitrators and mediators have to apply high level of competence, skill and novelty when handling disputes between parties (The Arbitrator 1999). It is therefore prudent for the arbitrator in the Rack and Roll case to employ plausible techniques that will effectively bring the dispute to a close with both parties satisfied. An arbitrator must therefore have sufficient knowledge of the relevant facts of the case so that they can be able to arrive at an informed decision (Rogers, 2005). The arbitrator should also be able to record the different versions of relevant facts where there are diverging relevant facts (Rogers, 2005). In the Rack and Roll case the dispute arising is an allegation of breach of contract and thus aspects of contract law may arise during the case. Where an arbitrator does not have sufficient legal knowledge it is imperative that an order is sought form the high court so that an interpretation of the court may be sought or a legal expert may be invited to the proceeding to solely advise on the area of law in contention (Art. 26 in the Schedule 1 to the Arbitration Act 1996). The determination given by a legal expert may not be binding according to the arbitration agreement. In such a case the parties in dispute should be advised to prove test the report given by the expert. Under the common law, an arbitrator has been restricted from delegating his responsibility to determine the issues of the dispute (William Essery Sons Pty. Ltd. v. South Australian Housing Trust, 1980). In New Zealand the arbitrator has the mandate of inviting another party such as an expert to determine an issue in the dispute but this form of delegation is subject to the consent of the parties in dispute. The arbitrator in an arbitration proceeding must reveal commitment effort and must create sufficient time to handle the dispute especially if the dispute is complex in nature. Arbitration is a method of dispute resolution that helps to maintain the existing relationship between the parties in dispute. If the parties engaged in a certain business and a dispute arose arbitration creates a platform in which they will continue to do business together in future transaction. In the case of Rack and Roll the parties in dispute will not be hindered from making another agreement in future at the end of the arbitral process. Arbitration proceedings are not guided by the common law precept of precedent. An arbitrator is required is required to hear and determine the dispute on a case to case basis according to the arbitration agreement (Rogers, 2005). The arbitrator appointed in the case of Rack and Roll has an ethical obligation to fulfill so that the dispute comes to an end. The ethical obligation of an Arbitrator in New Zealand is derived from Arbitration Act 1996 and the AMINZ Code of Ethics and it plays significant role in disputes. AMINZ is an organization composed of arbitrators and mediators with an objective of promoting alternative dispute resolution (Anthony, 2010). In New Zealand an arbitrator is required to be impartial and independent ( AMINZ Code of Ethics). Impartiality means that the arbitrator must be of the requisite state of mind to determine the dispute (Rogers, 2005). Independence means that the arbitrator must be not be subject to the control of either party in the dispute or any ot her external factor. The parties in the dispute have a duty of disclosure when they perceive that the arbitrator is not independent or impartial in handling the case. An arbitrator also has a duty of diligence and to be competent (Rogers, 2005). It has been argued that before one accept the appointment as an arbitrator they should ensure that they have the skills and competence in the specific dispute resolution proceeding. In the case of Rack and Roll, the arbitrator must therefore be sure that they have the requisite competence and skill in arbitrating breach of contract issue. The duty of diligence required of an arbitrator implies that he must be careful and be attentive to all the issues that are presented before the case. The arbitration process is held privately and the arbitrator is also required to embrace confidentiality unless the parties agree otherwise. Section 14B of the Arbitration Act 1996 obligates all the members who take part in the arbitration proceeding not to disclose any confidential information relating to the proceeding. The autonomy of the parties in dispute is very significant for the proceeding to be successful and thus the arbitrator must ensure that he abides to the wishes of the parties encapsulated in the arbitration agreement. The arbitration agreement is contractual in nature and it binds the arbitrator to the entire process. The significance of arbitration in handling the Rac and Roll case is that the parties in dispute are not left to negotiate the issue alone but rather there is a neutral party and a well structured procedure of handling the proceeding. It has been argued disputes that are solved through arbitration process have a predictable outcome because the decision is hinged on the autonomy of the parties and dispute and hence fairness is promoted (Kiser, 2010). In the case of Rac and Roll it is prudent that the negotiators and any other person who was involved in the previous failed process not to take part in the proceedings. The process of Arbitration is perceived to be better than mediation because mediation involves a casual process and may not be able to handle serious or complex matters. It is worth noting that the arbitration agreement binds the parties and it may be enforced in a court of law and therefore the parties in dispute must use their autonomy wisely. It is submitted that the arbitration proceeding will also be met with many challenges. The main challenge is the cost of the proceedings. The parties to the dispute will be compelled to pay the cost of the location where the proceedings will take place and the Arbitrator. The expensive nature of arbitration proceedings is a barrier to justice because parties may fail to complete the proceeding after it has began because of financial constraints. However, it is prudent that the parties have sufficient knowledge about the cost of the proceeding before it commences. The binding character of the arbitral rulings is also a challenge to the parties in the case. This implies that if a party is not satisfied with an outcome they are compelled to abide to the award that has been rendered. It has also been argued that in arbitration proceeding the parties do not have the opportunity to appeal the dispute to a higher court. In addition in the arbitration process there is always a winner and a l oser at the end of the proceeding unlike in mediation where the outcome reflects the interest of the both parties ion dispute. Even the face of the challenges that have been explained above it is conceded that the advantages of the arbitral process preponderate over the disadvantages. It is submitted that the Rack and Roll dispute will be brought to finality and parties are likely to attain justice through the arbitration as a dispute resolution mechanism. It should be borne in mind that the qualities that attributes and ethical obligations which have their force from legislations should be embraced by the arbitrators in any arbitration proceeding. The parties in dispute should be left to enjoy the flexible nature of arbitration but with a strict adherence to arbitration agreement and statutory procedures. Conversely, it may be argued that arbitration in New Zealand is subject to many legal regulations and this undermines the rigid quality that is associated with it. The binding nature of final outcome in arbitration gives it an intimate relationship with litigation which is differentiated from Alternative D ispute Resolution. Above all the prevailing argument of this essay is that Rack and Roll will be satisfied with the outcome because of the innate quality of the process. References Anthony, W. (2010). Arbitration, Brookers Arbitration Act 1996 (NZ) Hunt, R. (2000). The Arbitrator Or Mediator As Dispute Manager Choosing Horses For Courses. Oint Annual Conference of IAMA and AMINZ. Retrieved May 24, 2017, from https://www.roberthuntbarrister.com/Horsescourses.pdf Kiser, R. (2010). Beyond right and wrong: The power of effective decision making for attorneys and clients. Springer Science Business Media. Paulsson, J. (2013). The idea of arbitration. Oxford University Press. Re Tiki Village International Ltd [1994]2 Qd.R. 6 Rogers, C. A. (2005). Regulating international arbitrators: A functional approach to developing standards of conduct. Stan. J. Int'l L., 41, 53. The Arbitrator (1999) Vol 18 Thomas, T. H. (1993). Using Arbitration to Avoid Litigation. Labor Law Journal, 44(1), 3. William Essery Sons Pty. Ltd. v. South Australian Housing Trust, (1980) 24 SASR 213. 14.