Developmental Disability - 1033 Words

Near the end of the year of 2000, Bill Clinton signed the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act. President Clinton built upon the legislation written during earlier decades , to improve services for people with developmental disabilities. This act helped support people with disabilities in pursuing paid work, and highlighted the importance of integration and upkeep in accessible technology. https://www.acl.gov/about-acl/authorizing-statutes/developmental-disabilities-assistance-and-bill-rights-act-2000 Four years later in 2004, the Assistive Technology Act was amended. Technology was advancing faster than ever before, and this act required that states provide aid to people with disabilities to ensure they have access†¦show more content†¦This act required that all new buildings were to be designed, constructed, altered or leased, must be physically designed to be accessible to those with disabilities. This was of high importance since the act was nationally enforced, which ultimately changed the codes of architecture for the better. https://www.access-board.gov/the-board/laws/architectural-barriers-act-aba Meanwhile in May of 2009, Ed Roberts, a student at the University of California, founded the† Independent Living Center† of Berkeley. This service received national coverage, people were fascinated with how the organization worked by the people for the people and what the program advocated. They even protested against President Nixon when he vetoed earlier v ersions of the Rehabilitation Act. With the combined efforts of students and the nation, communities started paying attention to what issues people with disabilities faced and how they could help. This included struggles seeking employment, housing, or using transportation. https://www.independentliving.org/docs3/zukas.html What followed was the â€Å"Transportation as an Employment Service Movement†, which advocated the importance of transportation and its link to employment or education. This nationally-recognized movement promoted the widespread need of lifts in buses, or elevators in buildings. In June of 2009, the â€Å"Workforce Recruitment Program for College Students withShow MoreRelatedDevelopmental Disabilities : A Developmental Disability2080 Words   |  9 PagesDid you know that an estimated 4.6 million Americans have a developmental disability? That is almost five percent of the country’s population, not including the hundreds of people that go untreated, or who have never been diagnosed. The term â€Å"developmental disabilities† refers to a group of conditions that cause impairment in physical, learning, language, or behavioral development. Typically manifesting during the primary development period (between ages 2 and 17), these conditions usually lastRead MoreEssay on Developmental Disabilities1474 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopmental Disabilities Amy Giles Axia College of University of Phoenix HHS 325- Health and Human Service in the U.S. David Sainio December 10, 2006 Developmental Disabilities Living with disabilities on a daily basis can be more difficult then some realize. Many people who are born with developmental disabilities start their education and therapy at a very young age and there are also those people who have been diagnosed with a disability sometime during theirRead MoreUnderstanding Services for Developmental Disabilities1013 Words   |  5 PagesAs a parent, learning that your child has developmental disabilities can be a life altering moment in time and can cause a devastating chain reaction of events. These events have the potential to change family priorities and structure, hurt relationships, deplete financial savings and stability, and emotionally drain everyone intimately involved with you and your child. How do you find human services programs, agencies, or advocates, whose primary job is to help you provide everything your childRead MoreA Research Study On Developmental Disability826 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Gail Goldsmith, BSW, who just retired from Northern Lakes Community Mental Health, NLCMH is authorized by the Michigan Department of Community Health to provide mental health services and services to those with developmental disabilities. Developmental disability is generally defined as a chronic condition, with an onset before age 22, that cause impairment in one or more areas that impact day-to-day functioning such as learning, communication (expressive and receptive language), mobilityRead MoreDisability, Social, And Developmental Disabilities2100 Words   |  9 PagesWhat do I already know about disability and social justice in a few words (you can list terms or share a few experiences you’ve had)? My understanding of a disability is type of impairment that can hinder someone to not be able to function at the same level as someone who is considered â€Å"normal.† While I believe that many people believe disabilities are mostly physical, there are also mental and social disabilities. I predict that there are more types that I will uncover in this chapter. Social justiceRead MoreSocial Inclusion And Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pagesamong people with intellect ual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) the social dynamics of these circumstances can be more complex then traditionally anticipated. In the United States of American six and a half million people, on average, have intellectual and or developmental disabilities. This translates into two and a half percent of the population (Morstad 2010). Globally, about two hundred million people have intellectual and or developmental disabilities. Worldwide, this makes up for threeRead MoreThe American Association Of Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pagessimple adult daily living activities, such as hygiene and self-care. People with disabilities may be restricted from participating in events in society because of their functional disabilities. Environmental and personal factors also play a role in affecting people’s lives (CDC, 2014). According to the U.S. Department of Justice (2009): An individual with a disability is defined by the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) as a person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantiallyRead MoreChildren With Developmental Disabilities During The 1960s Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pages During the 1950s, people who had a disability had two options of housing which included living with their families or living in an institution. However, families did not receive much support since most public welfare services were used towards institutional care, such as mental hospitals and orphanages. Throughout the 1960s there were movements to deinstitutionalize, which at that time basically led to smaller institutions. The 1970s allowed for even smaller community-based residential servicesRead MoreA Forgotten Population: Seniors with Developmental Disabilities1809 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to Heller and Factor (as cited in Wood Jackson, 2003) the number of â€Å"older adults age 60 and older who are diagnosed with men tal retardation or developmental disabilities is expected to reach 1,065,000 by 2030.† In fact, â€Å"in the last 30 years, the life expectancy of people with intellectual disability has increased more dramatically than that of the general population† (Bigby, 2010). Doka and Lavin (2003) report that advances in medical care and a shift to deinstitutionalization haveRead MoreDevelopmental Disability : A Diverse Group Of Chronic Conditions2023 Words   |  9 PagesDevelopmental disability is a diverse group of chronic conditions that are due to mental or physical impairments. Developmental disabilities cause individuals living with them many difficulties in certain areas of life, especially in language, mobility, learning, self-help, and independent living. Developmental disabilities are usually identified early in childhood and will probably persist throughout the individual’s lifespan. This paper will identify the various aspects of how developmental

Essay Double Lives in Victorian Literature - 1407 Words

The existence of a â€Å"dark double† abounds in many literary works of the Victorian Era. These â€Å"dark doubles† are able to explore the forbidden and repressed desires of the protagonist, and often represent the authors own rebellion against inhibitions in a morally straight-laced societal climate. The â€Å"dark doubles† in these stories are able to explore the socially unacceptable side of human nature, and it is through these â€Å"dark doubles† that many of the main characters (and through them, the reader), are able to vicariously explore and experience the illicit, forbidden, and often exciting underbelly of what was considered deviant behavior. The accepted â€Å"normal† behavior that strict Victorian social protocol†¦show more content†¦For most of the play, Jack is Jack, not Ernest, and when the lies and deceit finally catch up to Jack, who needs to make his â€Å"brother† Ernest disappear, and at the same time, become a man named Ernest, one feels both amused and confused at the hypocrisy surrounding these strange events. Wildes implications are clear when we discover that Jacks real Christian name is in fact Ernest John. Although Jack felt societal pressure to create the persona of Ernest, they are still the same man, having to hide his identity while fulfilling hidden desires does not change that. The irony here is that Jack needed Ernest, or at least the name of Ernest, to exist in order to achieve the respectable, socially acceptable life that the â€Å"good† side of his persona aspires too. Like much of Wildes work, the play ends on a witty and humorous note, with Jack telling his beloved Gwendolen, â€Å" it is a terrible thing for a man to find out suddenly that all his life he has been speaking nothing but the truth† (720). Jack understands the hypocrisy he has tried to undermine by becoming Ernest while in London, that by pretending to have this irresponsible and unsavory brother, he has flaunted the hypocrisy of the Victorian social structure and has also become a hypocrite himself. His â€Å"dark double†, Ernest, has allowed him to relinquish the responsibilities of his life as a properShow MoreRelatedThe Influence Of Victorian Society On Relationships And Marriage1642 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influence of Victorian Society on Relationships and Marriage Marriage was of utmost importance during the 1830’s to the 1900’s. The â€Å"ideal† relationship had been searched for by both men and women using the standards that the commonwealth had created. When reading Oscar Wilde’s â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest† and associating it to society’s expectations for both genders throughout the Victorian era, people are depicted as being very effected and influenced by the set rules and boundaries.Read MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde : Literary Review1515 Words   |  7 Pagespoverty, and labor issues. The Victorian novel allows those who had access to them discover and focus on moral issues with society. Among the novel that were created during the era, the genre of a gothic novella emerged. Well knowns gothic novellas included Frankenstein, The Picture of Dorian Gray, and The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Robert Stevenson’s gothic novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde introduces several themes that reflect the Victorian society. The novella can beRead MoreOscar Wilde’S The Importance Of Being Earnest Was Written1600 Words   |  7 Pagesmovement previously: Victorian/Realism. Wilde suggests that keeping up appearances was so significant during the Victorian ages that men engaged in bunburying: the idea that people take on a different persona, whether real or imagined, as an escape from their current life or in order to portray themselves in a better light. Wilde uses satirical humor in The Importance of Being Earnest to reveal his disdain at the hypocritical customs and shallow lives of the Victorian people; in particularRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde1293 Words   |  6 PagesTyreece Lockhart Ms. Mabry British Literature 9 May 2015 Little Secrets The life of the Victorian people was a time in which people were prude because of their repression. Many of the people of that time had a lot of pent-up emotions, there was a time and a place for something and it solemn did any good for anyone, depending on your class you had to have a curtain way of carrying yourself, many of which was not the must enjoyable of ways and lacked some fun that many need in their life. This forcedRead MoreAnalysis Of Tipping The Velvet By Sarah Waters1475 Words   |  6 Pagesrepresentations. Specifically looking at this representation in Tipping the Velvet by Sarah Waters a Neo-Victorian fiction novel, Analysing how the performance and act of a male impersonation is created represented and how the act is received. Neo –Victorian literature is most commonly seen as contemporary fiction or culture, which is usually set between 1837 and 1901- during the Victorian era, or it is highly influenced by this period. In the years that followed 1901 and up until this very dayRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe and the Search for the American Identity1321 Words   |  6 Pagestowards a unique American disposition by creating a double consiousness, one representing European values and the other American values. [journey showing from euro to transition to american readers acan clearly see the struggel in poes writings or hw he transitions from euro tp american voice] Before and after independance, Americans relied heavily on the British and their influences. These influences, such as the values and morals of Victorian society, could be seen in the northern cities as wellRead MoreFeminism In The Handmaids Tale1709 Words   |  7 Pagesseveral years after Canadian women’s suffrage had begun occurring in 1918, was inspired by the American suffrage movements in history to create the society seen in The Handmaid’s Tale (Hill). Atwood, through her poetry and literature, uses her feminist brand that views women as double-minded about their status as daughters, mothers, and wives in order to produce a patriarchal society that damages the place of women in society (â€Å"Margaret (Eleanor) Atwood†). Atwood places the narration of the novel inRead MoreAnalysis Of The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde, By Robert Louis Stevenson1323 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the Victorian era, the United Kingdom underwent many social, politica l and economic reforms for a more modern society. These series of reforms are directly represented in the literature of the time. An excellent example is, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, by Robert Louis Stevenson, which gives a direct image of what Victorian era was like with his writing style as well as the story itself. Specifically, Stevenson portrays exactly how Victorian social life commenced as well asRead Moreâ€Å"The picture of Dorian Gray† Oscar Wilde- Born on 16th of October in 1854, Oscar Wilde would700 Words   |  3 PagesWestland Row, Dublin. Wilde was born into a Anglo-Irish family, as he would blossom Wilde became fluent in French and German. Wilde studied at the Trinity College in Dublin, while studying Wilde obtained a distinct interest in Greek literature. Concluding his study of literature for 9 years he was eventually accepted to the Magdalen College in Oxford in 1878. After graduating Wilde moved to Paris where he would meet a woman named Constance Lloyd, who would become his wife on May 24th, 1884. With yearsRead MoreWomen In Victorian Era Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the Victorian era, women were viewed as the very opposite of what a man ought to be. In the words of John Stuart Mill, who published a criticism of the way society differentiated between males and females The female sex was brought up to believe that its ‘ideal of character’ was the very opposite to that of men’s ‘not self-will , and government by self-control, but submission, and yielding to the control of others to live for others; to make complete abnegation of themselves, and to have

Global Outlook Global Free Zones of the Future 2012/13 Free Essays

string(25) " partners as it expands\." GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 Global Free Zones of the Future 2012/13 Winners fDi MAGAZiNE’S SEcONd GLOBAL RANkiNG OF EcONOMic ZONES HAS AwARdEd duBAi AiRpORt FREE ZONE tHE titLE OF GLOBAL FREE ZONE OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13. Grainne Byrne ANd Courtney FinGar REpORt ON tHE RESuLtS 20 www. fdiintelligence. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Outlook Global Free Zones of the Future 2012/13 or any similar topic only for you Order Now com June/July 2012 GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 D ubai Airport Free Zone (Dafza), located in the United Arab Emirates, has been crowned fDi Magazine’s Global Free Zone of the Future 2012/13. It has moved from second place in the ranking two years ago to be awarded the top spot. Dafza, which was established in 1996 and considers itself to be the fastest growing free zone in the Middle East, impressed the independent judging panel for a variety of reasons. It has excellent transportation links and a clear focus on attracting FDI. The zone only registers foreign companies, and has more than 1300 operational presently. Dafza has an increasing environmental awareness and is implementing ‘green buildings’ and an Inter national Organisation for Standardisation energy management system. Second position goes to UAE-based Dubai International Financial Centre, a newcomer to the ranking. Chinabased Shanghai Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone (WFTZ), the champion from the 2010/11 ranking, moves into third place. The remainder of the top 10 is made up by Iskandar (Malaysia), DuBiotech (UAE), Tanger Free Zone (Morocco), Freeport of Ventspils (Latvia), The Clark Freeport Zone (Philippines), Chittagong Export Processing Zone (Bangladesh) and Dubai Media City (UAE). As well as being overall fDi Global Free Zone of the Future 2012/13, Dafza takes the top spot in the ‘Best Airport Zone’ category. It is followed by Tanger Free Zone and The Clark Freeport Zone. The top three in the ‘Best Port Zone’ category is led by Tanger Free Zone, with Freeport of Ventspils placed second and Mauritius Freeport coming in third position. Zones from the Middle East – in particular the UAE – dominated the rankings, with 23 of the top 50 zones coming from the Middle East region and 14 of them from the UAE alone. This is the second such ranking produced by fDi Magazine, with the inaugural Global Free Zones of the Future biennial benchmark being published in June 2010. June/July 2012 www. fdiintelligence. com 21 t GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 op 50 FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13: OVERALL RANK NAme of zoNe couNtRy â€Å"We have made plans for expansion in the future, to [eventually] bring another 1500 companies to the dubai airport free Zone† dr mohammed al Zarooni 22 www. fdiintelligence. com June/July 2012 t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11= 11= 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37= 37= 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Dubai airport Free Zone dubai international Financial centre Shanghai waigaoqiao Free trade Zone iskandar duBiotech tanger Free Zone Freeport of Ventspils the clark Freeport Zone chittagong Export processing Zone dubai Media city JLt Freezone katowice Special Economic Zone dubai Silicon Oasis Mauritius Freeport Bahrain international investment park khalifa Bin Salman port Salalah Free Zone Lodz Special Economic Zone Bahrain international Airport Aqaba Special Economic Zone twofour54 (Media Zone Authority, Abu dhabi) walbrzych Special Economic Zone dubai international Academic city dubai Healthcare city Rakia Economic Zone dahej Special Economic Zone dubai Studio city El paso international Airport dubai knowledge Village Bahrain Logistics Zone Ras Al khaimah Free trade Zone Montreal port Aqaba international industrial Estate Astana New city Special Economic Zone pomeranian Special Economic Zone klaipeda Free Economic Zone Starachowice Special Economic Zone Sheffield city Region Enterprise Zone industrial Free Zone – togo SEZ Alabuga Free Zone pirot international Media production Zone Zagreb Free Zone dead Sea development Zone Jabal Ajloun development Zone polaris international industrial par k Birmingham city centre Enterprise Zone technological industrial development Zone Skopje 1 2 Southeast-Ecka, Zrenjanin Freeport of Riga Rezekne Special Economic Zone Authority ae uAE china Malaysia uAE Morocco Latvia philippines Bangladesh uAE uAE poland uAE Mauritius Bahrain Bahrain Oman poland Bahrain Jordan uAE poland uAE uAE uAE india uAE uS uAE Bahrain uAE canada Jordan kazakhstan poland Lithuania poland uk togo Russia Serbia uAE croatia Jordan Egypt uk Macedonia Serbia Latvia Latvia Secrets of success The world-beating Dafza has set ambitious targets for expansion and diversification and made a point to hedge against potential challenges presented by the global economic climate in the short to medium term. It has also kept a careful eye on the long term. Speaking to fDi in his Dubai offices in January 2012, the Dafza director-general outlined plans to offset the prospects of a slowdown in its core investor markets of Europe and the US, while also increasing the zone’s status as a contributor to the emirate’s GDP. â€Å"The next expansion will be in the next year,† Dr Mohammed Al Zarooni said. We have made plans for expansion in the future, to [eventually] bring another 1500 companies to the Dubai Airport Free Zone, because we have space for that and we can expand. † In the nearer term, the goal is to attract 600 to 700 additional companies in the next five or six years – in line with Dafza’s rate of growth in the 15 years since its inception, which has seen it average 100 new companies each year. With Dafza currently based on a 700,000-square-metre site, it is hoping to expand eastwards this year, with a view to occupying a 100,000-square-metre leasable area. â€Å"We have [already attracted] 1450 companies,† said Mr Al Zarooni. The intention is to further increase that number, while keeping an eye on the quality of investments, he added. While keen to uphold the important role of the European companies in Dafza, which account for 37% of the businesses present, Mr Al Zarooni remains aware of the need to diversify the free zone’s economic partners as it expands. You read "Global Outlook Global Free Zones of the Future 2012/13" in category "Essay examples" â€Å"The majority of our clients are from Europe and they are facing a lot of problems, but that doesn’t mean we are going to stop,† he said. â€Å"We are thankful we brought many companies in last year from Japan. This year our focus will be on the Far East: Singapore, South Korea, Hong Kong, GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 dubai international airport is home to dubai airport free Zone, which achieved first place in the global free Zones of the future 2012/13 ranking, as well as the leading airport zone top five BESt AiRpORt ZONES RANK NAme of zoNe couNtRy 1 2 3 4 5 5 Dubai airport Free Zone tanger Free Zone the clark Freeport Zone Mauritius Freeport Salalah Free Zone Bahrain international Airport uae Morocco philippines Mauritius Oman Bahrain Japan, China and even India, in case we face some difficulty in bringing in more companies from Europe, America and Australia. † Serving a variety The push for diversification is a mark of many of the world’s more successful zones, according to James Ku, managing director of Indev Partners, who served on the judging panel that helped assess the participating zones for the rankings. â€Å"The most successful zones are either diversified zones with scale or highly specialised zones catering to a specific industry,† he says. Large diversified zones have been able to invest in infrastructure and offer a wide range of amenities, such as ready-built factories that provide flexibility to investors. The large size required to attain economies of scale for such developments have meant that most of the top zones are in the rapidly developing Middle June/July 2012 www. fdiintelligence. com East and Asian countries where land is relatively easier to acquire. Specialised zones have been used most effectively in Dubai, where investors can have access to unique amenities such as laboratories or high-speed communications. † Mr Ku sees the free zone model continuing to have relevance, especially in the current economic climate. Almost all of the zones continue to offer significant tax holidays and fiscal incentives. It highlights that even in a time when budgetary constraints and fiscal austerity are at the forefront, it will be hard for governments to scale back such incentives if they wish to remain globally competitive,† he says. Chairman of the World Free Zone Convention (WFZC) Graham Mather, who served on the judging panel, has also highlighted the vital role that free zones can play in helping the global economy through difficult times. Addressing the 11th â€Å"t he most successful Zones are either diversified Zones With scale or highly specialised Zones catering to a specific industry† James Ku t 25 GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 tanger free Zone is strategically located near to the tanger-med port and is rated the best port zone and sixth best overall free zone top five BESt pORt ZONES RANK NAme of zoNe couNtRy 1 2 3 4 5 tanger Free Zone Freeport of Ventspils Mauritius Freeport khalifa Bin Salman port Salalah Free Zone Morocco Latvia Mauritius Bahrain Oman WFZC event in Shanghai in November 2011, he said free zones â€Å"have much to offer† at a time when the world is desperately seeking job creation, economic growth and development ahead of an anticipated downturn amid a worsening eurozone crisis. â€Å"Free zones are key to the world’s search for growth,† he added. Citing a World Bank study analysing the benefits of free zones, which include the ability to absorb unemployed labour, raise skills and productivity levels, and generate taxes from inception, Mr Mather said these are among the reasons why many countries are returning to the free zone model or newly embracing it as a way out of economic troubles. â€Å"All areas of the world could benefit from free zones and they all need them,† he said. zonal marking Eastern Europe was well represented in the rankings, and judge John Worthington of IBT Partners was among those bullish on the region’s offerings. â€Å"Having worked closely with numerous European economic zones, IBT Partners can say from experience that the high quality of infrastructure and extensive network of all forms of transportation is something that sets European economic zones apart from those of other regions,† he says. With world-class airports, road, railway and port systems strategically clustered in v arious hubs across the continent, companies who are looking to expand their logistics network in Europe are consistently impressed with the efficiency and practicality of its transport systems. According to fDi’s survey, all the European free zones featured in this list are highly â€Å"all areas of the World could benefit from free Zones and they all need them† graham mather 26 t www. fdiintelligence. com June/July 2012 GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 the Waigaoqiao free trade Zone in shanghai is ranked third best free zone of the future accessible and possess well developed transport infrastructure. Asia’s zones are, of course, not to be overlooked. â€Å"With the highest average levels of education among emerging economies, Eastern economic zones have at their disposal a labour force with one of the highest skill-to-cost ratios, resulting in massive influxes of FDI into China and s o u t h – e a s t A s i a ,† s ay s M r W orthington. â€Å"At different stages of transition between primary, secondary and tertiary sectors, these are attractive regions for a wide range of industries. India, China, Singapore and the Philippines, in particular, are regarded as zones of fast growth and attraction, which is reflected by the huge increases in employment in he past two years in their respective economic free zones. † African zones, many of which look to the successful Middle Eastern zones as models, have lagged behind but many are now showing promise. The Industrial Free Zone of Togo was the lone sub-Saharan mainland African zone to make the top 50. â€Å"Due to their comprehensive list of fiscal and non-fiscal incentives, low levels of regulatory restrictions, and rapidly improving standards of living, African free zones are becoming increasingly attractive FDI destinations. Those in Morocco and Mauritius, in particular, couple this with a stable political and economic structure, making them highly d esirable destinations. It is worth men- ioning that the Tanger Economic Free Zone of Morocco boasts an impressive increase of 20,000 employees in the past two years,† says Mr Worthington. A booming region of the world, South America, has been far behind the curve in using free zones as a path to development, as well as in promoting the zones it does have to the world. This is reflected in the poor participation of zones from this region in the benchmarking study. None were cited in the top 50 list. Two North American zones, meanwhile, made the cut. John Hanna, managing director of GDP Global Development, also served on the judging panel, along with fDi editor Courtney Fingar. n October/November 2007 www. fdiintelligence. com June/July 2012 28 GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 skandar in Johor, malaysia, is ranked fourth in the global free Zones of the future 2012/13 JuDGiNG pANeL couRtNey fiNGAR Editor, fDi Magazine More than 600 free zones across 120 coun tries were invited by fDi Magazine to complete a survey requesting both qualitative and methoDoLoGy quantitative data regarding their free zones. The information collected was set under five categories: incentives, facilities, cost-effectiveness, transportation and best FDI promotion. A total of 56 zones submitted details regarding many aspects of their zones and this was judged and scored by an independent judging panel. JohN hANNA Managing director, Gdp Global development JuDGiNG cRiteRiA General inForMation †¢ Totalsize †¢ Totallandavailablefordevelopment †¢ Expansioninlandareainthepasttwo years; and/or plans for expansion in the next two years †¢ Totalofficespaceavailable †¢ Totalemployment †¢ Increaseinemploymentinthepasttwo years †¢ Numberofbusinessesoperatinginthe zone †¢ Totalvolumeofgoodsprocessedinthe zone †¢ Increaseintotalvolumeofgoods processed in the past two years †¢ Percentageofinvestorcompaniesthat expand their presence in the zone †¢ Anyrestrictionsforsettingupinthe zone inCentives †¢ Typesofincentivesoffered †¢ Descriptionoftheincentivesoffered including any requirements for eligibility †¢ Administrativeservicesofferedtoassist investors FaCilities †¢ Keyeconomicandindustrialsectors supported by the zone †¢ Rangeofwarehousefacilities,industrial units, logistics and office spaces available †¢ Amenitiesofferedtohelpinvestors Costs †¢ Annualaveragerentalcostofindustr ial facilities, warehouse space, office space, undeveloped land, condominium and others (per m? ) †¢ Averagecostperunitofwatercosts(per m? ), electricity costs (per kw/hr) and gas costs (per m? †¢ Annualaveragecostoflabourfor unskilled worker, semi-skilled worker and highly skilled worker transportation †¢ Presencewithinzoneofairport,port, major motorways, railway or other †¢ Presencenearzoneofairport,port, major motorways, railway or other †¢ Descriptionofanymajorplanned infrastructure projects proMotion strateGy †¢ Website †¢ Digital/webpromotionactivities undertaken to create interest in the zone †¢ Othermarketing,communicationsor promotional activities undertaken †¢ Methodsusedtoidentifypotential investors, and strategy for approaching and engaging them †¢ Thezone’smarketingslogan/brief summary of its appeal †¢ Statementfromzone’schiefexecutive, director or president on his or her vision for achieving the zone full Fdi potential serviCes *asked of services zones †¢ Descriptionofservicesofferedby companies in the zone †¢Telecommunicationandtechnology infrastructure †¢Disasterrecoveryservicesofferedonsite †¢Internetspeedoffered †¢Availablelabourpoolandthe%ofwhich speak more than one language †¢Officespaceavailability †¢Majorplannedprojects JAmeS Ku Managing director, indev partners GRAhAm mAtheR chairman, world Free Zone convention JohN WoRthiNGtoN partner, iBt partners An additional set of information was sought from airport and port zones regarding their facilities and capacity 30 www. fdiintelligence. com June/July 2012 How to cite Global Outlook Global Free Zones of the Future 2012/13, Essay examples

International Arbitrators for Standards of Conduct- MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInternational Arbitrators for Standards of Conduct. Answer: Introduction Alternative resolution has grown to be one of the most common modes of solving disputes between parties in many jurisdictions (Paulsson, 2010). The concept encompasses various forms of mechanisms such as mediation arbitration and conciliation which work differently. It gives added relevance to state that Arbitration is one of the alternative form of dispute resolution that has been given international recognition through treaties and conventions (Thomas, 1993). In New Zealand arbitration has been given legal force through legislation after the enactment of Arbitration Act 1996 (NZ). Arbitration is mechanism of dispute resolution that does not apply the court rules and it is only effective and successful when the parties involved in the dispute agree. It bears noting that solicitors and lawyers in modern day have been compelled to have arbitration skills because of its increasing importance and popularity in New Zealand. This essay is devoted to evince why arbitration will be the suit able alternative dispute resolution mode to solve the dispute in Rack and Roll case. Where a contract has not provided for an arbitration clause when a dispute arises the obvious action is that the aggrieved party will follow the litigation process through commencing a suit to sue for breach. However, since arbitration has been given the force law in New Zealand a party in a contractual dispute may seek a stay in court or may agree with the other party to arbitrate the matter. The basic rule that guides an arbitration process is that the parties in the dispute are treated equally without bias and thus the parties in Rack and Roll case are likely to get a fair outcome that will end the dispute amicably. Byrne J in the case of Re Tiki Village International Ltd (1994) noted that an arbitrator is like the judge and not is expected that he should not pick sides while solving a dispute. The parties in an arbitration proceeding have the advantage of choosing a location which they are going to hold the proceeding. They also decide with the arbitrator on the day and time of t he proceedings when the arbitration agreement is silent about the time. The location is not imposed on them like it is imposed on parties in litigation proceedings. Ideally, the flexibility that is offered on the parties in arbitration proceedings gives them the impetus to solve their case determinately. The procedure that is applied in arbitration proceeding is not rigid and it is unlikely that the parties will disagree during the proceedings (Thomas, 1993). In New Zealand the objective of arbitration to ensure that the parties end up getting an outcome that will favor both parties and the matter will be heard expeditiously and without great expense (S 1 Arbitration Act 1996). Further the act stipulated that the parties in dispute must given the autonomy to decide how the process of deciding the dispute will operate and deputes that court intervention should be avoided. Arbitration works best through the principle of consent. Before the arbitration process commence the parties in dispute must give express consent that they are willing to pursue arbitration as a mode of agreement. It will be fruitless to compel them to follow arbitration process without there consent. In the Rack roll case Mike walked out of the mediation process and this explains why consent in the arbitration process is a first step to seeking justice for both parties. Where the parties have agreed it is imperative that an arbitration agreement is drafted so that the ri ghts and obligations of the parties are determined (Art. 19 in the Schedule 1 to the Arbitration Act 1996). The significance of the arbitration agreement is that it sets a clear path for the process because each party will have a fair opportunity to present their case. Ideally, an arbitrator must be selected by the parties although in the Rack and Roll case an arbitrator has already been selected. The advantage of the arbitration process is that the arbitrator is guided by the rules that the parties in dispute have stipulated in the arbitration agreement and the general principles of natural justice. Justice Kirby has noted arbitrators and mediators have to apply high level of competence, skill and novelty when handling disputes between parties (The Arbitrator 1999). It is therefore prudent for the arbitrator in the Rack and Roll case to employ plausible techniques that will effectively bring the dispute to a close with both parties satisfied. An arbitrator must therefore have sufficient knowledge of the relevant facts of the case so that they can be able to arrive at an informed decision (Rogers, 2005). The arbitrator should also be able to record the different versions of relevant facts where there are diverging relevant facts (Rogers, 2005). In the Rack and Roll case the dispute arising is an allegation of breach of contract and thus aspects of contract law may arise during the case. Where an arbitrator does not have sufficient legal knowledge it is imperative that an order is sought form the high court so that an interpretation of the court may be sought or a legal expert may be invited to the proceeding to solely advise on the area of law in contention (Art. 26 in the Schedule 1 to the Arbitration Act 1996). The determination given by a legal expert may not be binding according to the arbitration agreement. In such a case the parties in dispute should be advised to prove test the report given by the expert. Under the common law, an arbitrator has been restricted from delegating his responsibility to determine the issues of the dispute (William Essery Sons Pty. Ltd. v. South Australian Housing Trust, 1980). In New Zealand the arbitrator has the mandate of inviting another party such as an expert to determine an issue in the dispute but this form of delegation is subject to the consent of the parties in dispute. The arbitrator in an arbitration proceeding must reveal commitment effort and must create sufficient time to handle the dispute especially if the dispute is complex in nature. Arbitration is a method of dispute resolution that helps to maintain the existing relationship between the parties in dispute. If the parties engaged in a certain business and a dispute arose arbitration creates a platform in which they will continue to do business together in future transaction. In the case of Rack and Roll the parties in dispute will not be hindered from making another agreement in future at the end of the arbitral process. Arbitration proceedings are not guided by the common law precept of precedent. An arbitrator is required is required to hear and determine the dispute on a case to case basis according to the arbitration agreement (Rogers, 2005). The arbitrator appointed in the case of Rack and Roll has an ethical obligation to fulfill so that the dispute comes to an end. The ethical obligation of an Arbitrator in New Zealand is derived from Arbitration Act 1996 and the AMINZ Code of Ethics and it plays significant role in disputes. AMINZ is an organization composed of arbitrators and mediators with an objective of promoting alternative dispute resolution (Anthony, 2010). In New Zealand an arbitrator is required to be impartial and independent ( AMINZ Code of Ethics). Impartiality means that the arbitrator must be of the requisite state of mind to determine the dispute (Rogers, 2005). Independence means that the arbitrator must be not be subject to the control of either party in the dispute or any ot her external factor. The parties in the dispute have a duty of disclosure when they perceive that the arbitrator is not independent or impartial in handling the case. An arbitrator also has a duty of diligence and to be competent (Rogers, 2005). It has been argued that before one accept the appointment as an arbitrator they should ensure that they have the skills and competence in the specific dispute resolution proceeding. In the case of Rack and Roll, the arbitrator must therefore be sure that they have the requisite competence and skill in arbitrating breach of contract issue. The duty of diligence required of an arbitrator implies that he must be careful and be attentive to all the issues that are presented before the case. The arbitration process is held privately and the arbitrator is also required to embrace confidentiality unless the parties agree otherwise. Section 14B of the Arbitration Act 1996 obligates all the members who take part in the arbitration proceeding not to disclose any confidential information relating to the proceeding. The autonomy of the parties in dispute is very significant for the proceeding to be successful and thus the arbitrator must ensure that he abides to the wishes of the parties encapsulated in the arbitration agreement. The arbitration agreement is contractual in nature and it binds the arbitrator to the entire process. The significance of arbitration in handling the Rac and Roll case is that the parties in dispute are not left to negotiate the issue alone but rather there is a neutral party and a well structured procedure of handling the proceeding. It has been argued disputes that are solved through arbitration process have a predictable outcome because the decision is hinged on the autonomy of the parties and dispute and hence fairness is promoted (Kiser, 2010). In the case of Rac and Roll it is prudent that the negotiators and any other person who was involved in the previous failed process not to take part in the proceedings. The process of Arbitration is perceived to be better than mediation because mediation involves a casual process and may not be able to handle serious or complex matters. It is worth noting that the arbitration agreement binds the parties and it may be enforced in a court of law and therefore the parties in dispute must use their autonomy wisely. It is submitted that the arbitration proceeding will also be met with many challenges. The main challenge is the cost of the proceedings. The parties to the dispute will be compelled to pay the cost of the location where the proceedings will take place and the Arbitrator. The expensive nature of arbitration proceedings is a barrier to justice because parties may fail to complete the proceeding after it has began because of financial constraints. However, it is prudent that the parties have sufficient knowledge about the cost of the proceeding before it commences. The binding character of the arbitral rulings is also a challenge to the parties in the case. This implies that if a party is not satisfied with an outcome they are compelled to abide to the award that has been rendered. It has also been argued that in arbitration proceeding the parties do not have the opportunity to appeal the dispute to a higher court. In addition in the arbitration process there is always a winner and a l oser at the end of the proceeding unlike in mediation where the outcome reflects the interest of the both parties ion dispute. Even the face of the challenges that have been explained above it is conceded that the advantages of the arbitral process preponderate over the disadvantages. It is submitted that the Rack and Roll dispute will be brought to finality and parties are likely to attain justice through the arbitration as a dispute resolution mechanism. It should be borne in mind that the qualities that attributes and ethical obligations which have their force from legislations should be embraced by the arbitrators in any arbitration proceeding. The parties in dispute should be left to enjoy the flexible nature of arbitration but with a strict adherence to arbitration agreement and statutory procedures. Conversely, it may be argued that arbitration in New Zealand is subject to many legal regulations and this undermines the rigid quality that is associated with it. The binding nature of final outcome in arbitration gives it an intimate relationship with litigation which is differentiated from Alternative D ispute Resolution. Above all the prevailing argument of this essay is that Rack and Roll will be satisfied with the outcome because of the innate quality of the process. References Anthony, W. (2010). Arbitration, Brookers Arbitration Act 1996 (NZ) Hunt, R. (2000). The Arbitrator Or Mediator As Dispute Manager Choosing Horses For Courses. Oint Annual Conference of IAMA and AMINZ. Retrieved May 24, 2017, from https://www.roberthuntbarrister.com/Horsescourses.pdf Kiser, R. (2010). Beyond right and wrong: The power of effective decision making for attorneys and clients. Springer Science Business Media. Paulsson, J. (2013). The idea of arbitration. Oxford University Press. Re Tiki Village International Ltd [1994]2 Qd.R. 6 Rogers, C. A. (2005). Regulating international arbitrators: A functional approach to developing standards of conduct. Stan. J. Int'l L., 41, 53. The Arbitrator (1999) Vol 18 Thomas, T. H. (1993). Using Arbitration to Avoid Litigation. Labor Law Journal, 44(1), 3. William Essery Sons Pty. Ltd. v. South Australian Housing Trust, (1980) 24 SASR 213. 14.

California Public Service System Challenges and Opportunities Essay Example

California Public Service System: Challenges and Opportunities Essay The California Public Service System, officially called the State of California Personnel Board (SCPB), is a key institution in the state. First instituted in the year 1934, the civil service system has upheld high standards of equality and fairness in its history. The history of SCPB is intricately linked to the history of the country as a whole and hence the changes witnessed in the board were also seen nationwide. At the same time, due to the unique demographic composition of the state of California, with a high percentage of ethnic minorities, the SCPB had at times taken a leadership role in extending equal job opportunities to residents. For example, during the civil rights movement of the 1960s, the board was sympathetic to the cause of African Americans. It is no coincidence that the civil rights movement found its highest expression in the state of California. And in the movement’s aftermath the employee roll of the board reflected this newfound equality in opportunity . The board has strived hard to uphold this spirit even today and provides employment based on merit and free of political patronage (www.spb.ca.gov, 2010). The political atmosphere of today is quite different from what it was in the 1960s. Today it is the phenomenon of illegal immigration and the burgeoning Hispanic American population that is the central talking point. Since the state of California sees the largest influx of illegal immigrants, it is imperative that the SCPB be proactive in devising a fair and just system of employment. Hence it its history of over seventy years, this is the biggest challenge that the board has faced. And only a concerted effort at all levels of the board hierarchy and local departments would lead to a robust and implementable solution for this problem. (Population and Population Centers by State: 2000, 2002) We will write a custom essay sample on California Public Service System: Challenges and Opportunities specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on California Public Service System: Challenges and Opportunities specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on California Public Service System: Challenges and Opportunities specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Despite California being home to plenty of illegal immigrants, the entire community is disqualified from applying for civil service jobs. As a result, they are forced to seek private sector employment, where their vulnerability and illegitimacy is thoroughly exploited. Moreover, they do not get any benefits in the form of health insurance, job security, etc. In recent years Hispanic Americans have overtaken African Americans as the most populous minority group in the country. Hence, it is no longer socio-politically prudent to ignore the needs and demands of this group. California being the most sought after destination for Latin emigre’s it is imperative that the SCPB take initiative to provide job opportunities for this key group. (Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2007) Statistics from recent years reveal that there is fair representation of different ethnic/racial groups in employment. But there is evidence of underutilization of staff, especially those who fall under ethnic/racial minority categories. Hence the board leadership should also look into the issue of underutilization and attempt to overcome this problem by creative methods of human resource utilization. The conception and usage of Workforce Analysis Toolkit (WAT) is particularly relevant in this regard. As the SCPB marches into the 21st century, it is important to look at some of the issues deciphered by the WAT and try to remedy those issues. Chief among the problems identified by the WAT is the management of upward mobility of employees. As is well documented in state civil service literature, there are not always enough senior level positions for entry-level staff to move into. Employment in the private sector, on the other hand, is lot more attractive in this respect. Hence, the SCPB is faced with some major challenges as it enters its eight decade of existence. (US Census Bureau, 2008) With analytic tools such as the WAT, the SCPB is technologically equipped to deal with its present problems. What is required is proper communication and coordination between the various departments in implementing the plans. With the inspirational leadership of Governor Schwarzenegger, there is room for optimism that the SCPB will overcome its challenges and set an example to civil service boards in other states. References: State of California Personnel Board, official website: www.spb.ca.gov on 25th May, 2010. Bureau of Economic Analysis (March 27, 2007). â€Å"State Personal Income 2006†. Press release. http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/spi/2007/spi0307.htm. â€Å"Population and Population Centers by State: 2000† (TXT). United States Census 2000. US Census Bureau Geography Division. May 20, 2002. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt. â€Å"California QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau:†. US Census Bureau. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06000.html. The California Public Service System, officially called the State of California Personnel Board (SCPB), is a key institution in the state. First instituted in the year 1934, the civil service system has upheld high standards of equality and fairness in its history. The history of SCPB is intricately linked to the history of the country as a whole and hence the changes witnessed in the board were also seen nationwide. At the same time, due to the unique demographic composition of the state of California, with a high percentage of ethnic minorities, the SCPB had at times taken a leadership role in extending equal job opportunities to residents. For example, during the civil rights movement of the 1960s, the board was sympathetic to the cause of African Americans. It is no coincidence that the civil rights movement found its highest expression in the state of California. And in the movement’s aftermath the employee roll of the board reflected this newfound equality in opportunity . .

Loss, Grief and Unhappiness

Loss, Grief and Unhappiness Loss, Grief and Unhappiness Loss, Grief and Unhappiness Grief is the deepest pain an individual has to deal with after a loss. When a beloved one vanishes grief sets in, and the life became a complete unhappiness. Mourning is a natural way of expressing grief it is the simplest form of grief management that a human has mastered over time to a substantial extent. In all parts of the world the surroundings of people play a crucial role in grief management. Analyzing the Bharati Mukherjee story Management of Grief this paper gives a brief examination of the three elements: loss, grief and unhappiness. Bharati Mukherjee’s ability to illustrate the life of a group of people in an effective manner, with a number of disturbing concerns as a result of their harsh realities, is commonly perceptive. Shaila’s experienced the demise of her beloved partner. There was the reflection to manage her grief. The pressure from her family to get marry one more time was based on the traditions of the Indian culture. However, being a part of another culture, with its new ideas and practices, Shaila faced a number challenges and circumstances (Mukherjee 1999). To conclude, the traditional way of living determines to a significant extent, how people will cope with their sorrow. However, nowadays the existence of new ideas and solutions affects people’s choices and decisions made towards grieving. It is also a noteworthy observation that when a person grieves, other people play an enormous role. Loss causes grief which brings unhappiness and sorrow. Mukherjee manages to expose these harsh realities in his work The management of Grief. live CHAT

Environmental Problem Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Environmental Problem - Research Paper Example The author also uses research materials of other environmental scientists which complements his own study of the environmental problems. http://www.unep.org/resourceefficiency/Business/SectoralActivities/Tourism/TheTourismandEnvironmentProgramme/FactsandFiguresaboutTourism/ImpactsofTourism/EnvironmentalImpacts/TourismsThreeMainImpactAreas/tabid/78776/Default.aspx The research made by UNEP is a deep study into environmental problems affected by adverse actions of the tourists and their activity. The article provides latest information about the state of affairs of the resources, nature and environment in the recreational areas and stresses negative effects locally. The article is very beneficial for the research paper because it provides complete and relevant information about all the issues it concerns. The structure of the work provides a logical information presentation which contributes to its better perception and understanding. The benefit of this work is also that it deals with the aesthetic aspect of environment deterioration and pollution because this is the thing that is ignored the most when human beings perform any

Essay/story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

/story - Essay Example She was already in Turkey, where she was now waiting for her mother Rose and her step-father Mustapha (Shafak 2007). She had the entire plan in her mind, coded and programmed, where she knew exactly how to target the enemies. One by one, she would take down each and everyone after which her Armenian blood would be satiated. Only after seeking revenge would she be able to return to America, and start a new life with little regrets and massive satisfaction. After having confirmed that Asya was indeed Zeliha`s daughter via a DNA test she had conducted before, she now had a leverage over Zeliha. She dug deeper to find out who the father of Asya was since she had her apprehensions when she sensed the discomfort in Zeliha`s eyes over the subject. She found rather odd that a bold audacious woman like Zeliha would abstain from accepting Asya as her own daughter, and more so as to keep Asya in the dark over who her father was. To dig deeper, Armanoush went ahead to investigate about all the past affairs Zeliha was having by the time she had conceived Asya. She had to find out who Asya`s father was, to further aggrandize the leverage over the situation which she had planned on exploiting later. Also, she was well aware of Mustsapha`s hesitation over visitng Turkey. In all these years, how come Mustapha never even thought of visiting his family, the Kazancis (Shafak 2007). She knew something was wrong, and she was determined to find out. Her instincts were telling her to plot a confrontation between Mustapha and aunt Zeliha, and she was sure something would pop, since Zeliha felt so uncomfortable with the idea of Mustapha visiting. Thus, that night, while her parents would arrive, she had planned out an episode to ensure a direct confrontation between Zeliha and Mustapha. Armanoush and Asya, along with Aunt Banu were leaving the doorway while aunty Zeliha came after them, perplexed and anguished at the same time. ‘Asya, come back here you.

Presidential candidates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Presidential candidates - Essay Example As a way of reversing this trend, each of the two presidential candidates have come up with different policies of propelling the country forward through the restoration of the economy and subsequent creation of jobs. President Barrack Obama and his Republican adversary Mitt Romney hold different positions on the economy of the United States. Obama looks forward to rescind the Bush cut tax for households that receive more than $250,000 and lowering the manufacturing industry taxes. His short-term economic goal includes initiating stimulus expenditure and cutting taxes for economic growth. In the long term, he hopes to cut expenditure and consequently increase taxes on the wealthy. This will help to trim down the deficits (AARP Bulletin, 2012). On his part, Mitt Romney looks forward to retaining the tax cuts associated with former president George W. Bush. He also intends to lower by 25 per cent the rate of taxes in all sectors. Additionally, Romney will also reduce expenditure on discretion that are not related to security by 5 per cent in a bid to trim down deficits. The Republican candidate hopes to cut and initiating regulations that will encourage business growth ( AARP Bulletin, 2012). President Obama supports the 2010 health care bill that he signed into law. He consequently advocates for the safeguard of patients from rascal insurance companies. He will allow the coverage for the currently prevailing conditions and ensure that insurers do not falter or dope patients whenever they fall sick. Individuals are required to purchase health care insurance or accrue a fine. However, employers on behalf of employees should do the purchase of the health care insurance. On his part, Romney holds a different view. According to him, citizens should buy their own health care insurance instead of doing it using their employers. Besides, the health care insurance policy should not be uniform across the states. Individual states should

Are Some Human Rights More Fundamental Than Others Philosophy Essay

Are Some Human Rights More Fundamental Than Others Philosophy Essay In general, its a very complicated question , whether we should consider some human rights more fundamental than the other ones and to follow this argument. Disagreements over this matter, whether certain human rights are more fundamental than another ones , have occurred over past decades between countries with different political ideologies. But, in any case, this argument shouldnt be accepted as abuse towards the other ones. This comes from the fact, that these more fundamental rights are the basis of human rights in general, also the basic for other less fundamental rights. However, each democratic republic should be based on the support of all kind of rights not making a distinction between them as more or less fundamental. In the scope of each person concerning this matter I think that it is to be a private concept. And each person , most likely each human being has dignity and value  [1]  . And one of the ways that we are able to recognize this fundamental worth is to acknowledge and to respect a persons human rights first of all. Human rights are concerned with equality and fairness. Its very necessary to recognize their freedom to make choices about their life and also develop their potential as human beings. They are about living a life free from fear, harassment or discrimination. Meanwhile , there is a number of basic rights that people from all over the world have agreed on, such as the right to life  [2]  , freedom from torture and other cruel and inhuman treatment  [3]  , rights to a fair trial  [4]  , free speech and freedom of religion  [5]  , rights to health, education and an adequate standard of living. These human rights , that are considered to be fundamental , are the same for all people everywhere male and female, young and old, rich and poor, regardless of their background where they live, what they think or what they believe in. So, this is the main reason that makes human rights universal and at the same time also fundamental. Among all these fundamental rights , there are some that have a description whether something is lawful or not: for example, some rights may be laid down in law. Consequently if one has a legal right to something , so he may be able to defend it in the court. Besides, in many situations rights exist but are not covered by law . In this case we deal with rights that are often called moral rights and are based on peoples sense of what is fair or just. In other words, we can say that these moral rights are also the part of fundamental human rights. For example, the freedom from torture and other cruel and inhuman treatment can mostly be covered as moral right. As we know, Human rights are not a new invention. The discussion of this idea can be traced back to the ancient civilizations of Babylon, China and India. However, a significant development of in Human rights took place in the 18th Century , during a time of revolution and emerging national identities. It was the American Declaration of Independence that was based on the understanding that certain rights, such as life, liberty and pursuit of happiness, were fundamental to all people. At that time indeed we can say, that just these rights could be considered as more fundamental. But at the same, having a look at this concept in the context of other rights, its obvious that all the rights should be considered as fundamental. I would like to mention, that by saying fundamental rights I mostly consider just these rights, too, in particular the right to life and liberty, because these are just the basis of other rights. Besides, the growth of totalitarian regimes in the 20th Century and the atrocities of World War 2 made the protection of Human rights an international priority. This was a significant opportunity to make an attempt in the sphere of developing a comprehensive statement of Human rights, which was finally made in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (The UDHR). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was unanimously adopted by the members of the United Nations (among those also the Republic of Armenia since 1995), on the 10th of December in 1948. Human rights, in general, cover every area of human life and activity. And thats the reason why we call them fundamental. They include civil and political rights, such as freedom of speech and freedom from torture. They also include social and cultural rights, such as the rights to health and education. Certain rights apply to individuals are known as individual rights. Others apply to groups of people, such as women and children: these are consequently called collective rights. This classification above is made in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Having a look at the UDHR, we can notice that the rights and freedoms are classified to three forms. They are : Civil and Political rights  [6]  : they attempt to safeguard the individual, alone and in association with others. Economic , cultural and social rights  [7]  : they require governments to help their citizens to participate fully in society , such as the right to work and education. Solidarity rights  [8]  : they reflect the emergence of developing countries and their call for a global redistribution of power and wealth. These rights include the right to political , social and cultural self-determination and the right to economic and social development. The classification to three forms of rights may itself cause a reasonable conflict in the matter, if which of the forms of rights is considered to be more fundamental than the other forms. In particular, its another question whether one of these forms of rights could take priority over the other ones. The main thing is that forms of rights , and accordingly the rights included in them are equally important for all human beings. And we should not say, that one of them must take priority over the others. The statistics shows that in recent decades there has been a tremendous growth in how we think about and apply human rights ideas. Thus, this has had a lot of positive results such as the knowledge about human rights, which can empower individuals and offer solutions for their specific problems. Besides, all kind of human rights should be considered as fundamental, as they have an important role in the sphere , where people interact with others at all levels in society in the family , schools, the workplace, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Therefore it is vital that people should strive to realize what human rights as fundamental rights are, and what kind of role they have in their life. This surely will help them to promote justice and the well-being of society. The main subject is that whether any rights are more fundamental than the others. The conclusions on this cant be unanimous, since disagreements over this have occurred over passed decades between countries with different political ideologies. These disagreements refer not to particular rights, but to the forms of rights (i.e. the classification of the rights), which is the same. However, over the last decade there finally has been a broad agreement between members of the United Nations, that human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated. In other words, all rights are equally fundamental and important, necessary in creating a strong and healthy society. So, Im finally coming to the conclusion, that all rights are equally fundamental. We should not make a distinction between them, classifying them to more or less fundamental. All democratic republics, among which is also the Republic of Armenia, have asserted in their Constitutions , that a person , his dignity , fundamental rights and freedoms are higher values  [9]  . This also is fixed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In particular, it says, that All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood  [10]  . We should take into consideration, that the Declaration neither segregates any rights nor stresses the priority of other ones. This means nothing, but only that all rights are equally important and fundamental. This idea is persisted in our Constitution due to Republic, as he is the one, who is responsible for our rights and does his best to protect them. This is one of the main functions of our Republic the protection of our rights!

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Veterans :: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD

This essay discusses Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and its effect on combat soldiers involved in the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars. The goal of this paper is to inform others about what the soldiers deal with during and after combat and the different treatments available for them to cope with and hopefully overcome this disorder. PTSD is an anxiety disorder that develops when someone is witness to or experiences a traumatic event. PTSD has specific symptoms resulting from traumatic life threatening experiences. Symptoms resulting from the event must be present in a certain way over a period of time and for certain duration. A person who witnesses two or more traumatic events in a short amount of time can cause the brain to release the hormone glucocorticoid which helps control the response to stress. When this hormone is low or depleted and a second traumatic event takes place before the hormone is replenished in the brain, the stress becomes even more intensified thus increasing the person’s chances of developing PTSD. Most people who develop PTSD get better but 1 out of 3 people may continue to have some symptoms over their lifetime. The main symptom of PTSD is reliving the traumatic experience through flashbacks and nightmares. Other symptoms include soldiers avoiding situations, people or conversations that would remind them of the trauma. They tend to avoid memories by becoming numb, distant, or stop showing love towards others. Activities, such as sports, that may have been a favorite pastime, may not be interesting anymore. The person may also show signs of paranoia as always being alert and on the lookout for danger. They may become jittery, easily startled when hearing loud noises such as a car backfiring or when a friend dove behind a store dumpster after a store employee threw a florescent light and it made a sound like an explosion. In some cases, the person becomes angry, irritable, and even violent. People who are dealing with PTSD may start drinking and using drugs to cope with the memories, flashbacks and nightmares. Many feel hopelessness, shame, or despair. PTSD makes holding down a job much harder, and relationships can be destroyed when there is physical, verbal or mental abuse. Some people cannot deal with the continual flashbacks and nightmares of PTSD and end up committing suicide. There are several treatments to help patients deal with symptoms of PTSD and to have more productive and happier lives.

Exploration of One of the Many Health Care Resources

Today†s health care system is in a constant state of fluctuation and commotion. It is sometimes difficult for the health care consumer to identify a valuable resource when they need one. The purpose of this paper is to explore one of the many health care resources that are available in the greater Philadelphia area and then visit this site to learn more about it. Philadelphia, in itself is an outstanding resource to the people of the area. In terms of healthcare resource implications this is true. There are numerous teaching hospitals, museums, clinics, and educational centers in this region. I choose to learn more about Planned Parenthood, a well-known organization in this area as well as nationally. Upon entering the clinic I knew very little about Planned Parenthood. It turned out that what I knew was only a fraction of what Planned Parenthood is really all about. According to the chairperson and president of PP, young people rely on Planned Parenthood to be truthful, confidential and non-judgmental. Women and men are grateful that it is an affordable resource, accessible to all, and respectful of all persons† decisions. Patients fell safe there because they provide safe medical care by trained professionals. Parents can feel a sense of ease because they know that their children are learning correct and valuable information concerning sex. Both donors and investors can feel confident that their gifts are an investment in the health and well being of the men, women, and children in their community. This paper will relay the information received from the site visit to Planned Parenthood in Media, Pennsylvania. It will discuss the mission, services, and financial aspects of Planned Parenthood. Mission Statement. The mission of Planned Parenthood Southeastern Pennsylvania (PPSP) is to protect and enhance reproductive freedom, to increase access to reproductive health care services and information, and to promote sexual health. This mission provides the foundation of PPSP†s services and programs that they offer to the approximately 43,000 men, women, and children of the Delaware Valley. Planned Parenthood was found by a registered nurse named Margaret Sanger in the early 1900†³s. Her belief and reason for founding PP was this, â€Å"†¦ he first right of a child (is) to be wanted, to be desired, to be planned for with an intensity of love†¦ † (Planned Parenthood, 1999). Sanger was tired of watching women young and old die from complications of pregnancies due to lack of education and health care and was tired of seeing unwanted pregnancies carried to term because women did not know their options. Her goal was to both educate and provide for these women the reproductive services that were necessary for what she called reproductive freedom. Benefits of Planned Parenthood Planned Parenthood provides numerous programs and services to the people of Southeastern Pennsylvania. I spoke with a woman named Megan (no last name was provided). She informed me of these services and programs, and helped me to gain a better understanding of what PP really is and does. Health Services. Planned Parenthood provides their services to women as well as men- it is a resource to be utilized by all. It is a common misconception that PP is for women only. They offer reproductive health care for men, women, and teens. They supply every FDA approved method of reversible birth control. These include natural family planning methods, Norplant, Depo-Provera, Birth control Pill, IUD (intrauterine device), condoms, Diaphragm, and cervical caps. Something that they offer is emergency contraception or the â€Å"morning after pill. † It decreases the likelihood of becoming pregnant even after the conception, because it decreases the healthy nature of the uterine wall. It is only effective within seventy-two hours following conception. They also offer walk-in pregnancy testing, options counseling and referrals to abortion clinics and adoption agencies. In the Media office, there are three nurse practitioners on staff who provide complete gynecological examinations including Pap tests. There is a physician who is affiliated with their office; he comes in at least twice a month or upon appointment to review all cases. The NP†s provide breast health checks and teach breast self-examinations. Mid-life services are provided for menopausal women as well hormone replacement therapy. Testing and treatment of sexually transmitted infections for men and women and confidential and anonymous HIV/AIDS testing are available as well. Planned Parenthood does perform first trimester abortions. They also offer a number of other health services such as cholesterol and blood pressure screening. Educational services. PPSP offers educational programs to pre-teens, teens, parents, and caregivers on topics of human sexuality, including health care, family planning, relationships, and HIV/Aids. There are teen peer education groups as well as Latino community workshops provided by bilingual/ bicultural educators. PPSP provides a complete resource center (bookstore and library) which provides a collection of literature on reproduction health care, sexuality, etc. Advocacy. PPSP urges political action for families/ planning and other reproductive health issues by participating in Lobby Days in Harrisburg and Washington. They are also involved in letter writing campaigns and news alerts to inform and motivate the public to become more involved in reproductive health care issues. Costs. All of the above listed services are available to all who enter the clinic at a small fee. The exception is made in the case of children who are thirteen to seventeen; their services and birth control pills are offered at no charge. In all other cases the fees for these products and services are quite low; for example, a routine gynecological examination examinations cost about thirty dollars. PP accepts most insurance plans and Medicaid, including Keystone HMO, PA Blue Cross- Blue Shield, and Personal Choice. They accept US Healthcare for surgical procedures only. Funding Revenue. From July 1, 1996 to June 30, 1007, Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania brought in nearly six million dollars ($5,915,000) in revenue. This included nearly $2. 5 million from patient health and surgical services, 1. million from government grants and medical assistance. Funding Expenditures. In this same fiscal year, Planned Parenthood†s total expenses (5,936,000) were in excess of their revenue by twenty-one thousand dollars. They spent about tree million dollars for patient health services and one million on surgical procedures. Over one quarter of a million was spent towards public information and advocacy. And over half a million was spent on education and training. Other funds were spent for special events, fund raising, and administration. At the end of the fiscal report there are ten pages which list the names of those who have made contributions to Planned Parenthood. These donations range from $25,000 or more to $100. PP relies on the contributions of individuals, foundations, and corporations to support their operations and activities in Southeastern PA. All contributions made to PP are tax deductible (Annual Report). I learned a tremendous amount from visiting Planned Parenthood. All of the ideas that I entered the clinic with were quickly proven wrong and limited by the woman that I interviewed. PP is a valuable resource to all women, men, and teens that are interested in maintaining or improving their reproductive health, reproductive education, or their general health. This is a resource that does not receive the publicity or recognition that it deserves. Hopefully the public is aware of what an asset Planned Parenthood is and how much they offer- more than I did before this project. We in Southeastern Pennsylvania are lucky to have PP to turn to for educational and health care needs.

Ode on Melancholy Essays

Ode on Melancholy Essays Ode on Melancholy Paper Ode on Melancholy Paper The differences highlighted between Ode to a nightingale and To Autumn is, their way of accepting is based on different concepts. To Autumn does so in a positive way whilst Ode to a Nightingale does not. To Autumn can be related to Ode on Melancholy; their ideas on life are similar. Ode on Melancholys theme is based on the idea that melancholy cannot be felt without feeling joy. Keats presents this through the view of Joy being unable to feel melancholy, save him whose strenuous tongue / Can burst Joys grape against his palate fine. The grape metaphorically presents the feeling of happiness and that it needs to burst and be fully tasted in order for melancholy to be completely felt or understood. To Autumn is similar in the sense that Keats understands that life and death come with each other, you cannot experience spring without experiencing the robin red breast in winter. To Autumn also makes the distinction between life and death and how they cannot be without each other when he says full-grown lamb. Lamb presents new birth and the idea of a full life ahead, whereas full-grown presents old and near death. This use of synaesthesia of the bee-mouth is able to show how quickly joy and pleasure can turn into melancholy. Sometimes there are no warning signs. It is precisely the fact that joy will come to an end that makes the experience of joy such a ravishing one; the fact that beauty dies makes the experience of beauty sharper and more thrilling. However, there are many contrasts as beauty is represented but also taken away by melancholic imagery. Like a weeping cloud is a very significant simile as nature is represented negatively although it is a common action, rain. However, weeping represents the idea of sadness and grief. Rain is not generally a negative aspect of nature. The contrast to the weeping cloud is made when this rain is able to foster the droop-headed flowers showing melancholy is also nourishing like the rain which revives the drooping flowers. Here Keats has built up an extended metaphor. The rain is very significant as it also hides the green hill showing melancholy to cover up natures finer aspects. The colour imagery of green suggests fertility, beauty and aliveness; this is the contrast of joy and melancholy. Rain and sadness are able to hide natures beauties. This contrast is almost made in April shroud which has oxymoronic ideas as April is the month of natures renewal, a pleasant setting and shroud is a cloth used for death. This portrays the idea of the mutability of life. Sadness needs to be accepted in order to enjoy lifes pleasures. Nature is a source of melancholy and like some aspects of nature, such as rainbows and waves, melancholy is not always long lasting. It is meant to be temporary, as life has many emotions through the human world as well as the natural world.

Winnipeg general strike essays

Winnipeg general strike essays The Winnipeg General Stirke was Canadas best known general strike. A general strike is a strike by all or most of the workers in a variety of industries that occurs at the same time. After the war, the cost of goods rose and workers suffered from low wages and massive unemployement. The strike was a vital development in the creation of the democratic socialist movement in Canada. The strike began on May 15, 1919 and did not end until June 26, 1919. The Winnipeg General Strike was the end result of a series of local and international events that had been building in the years leading up to the strike. There were many local events that contributed to the creation of the strike. The general strike grew out of two ordinary srikes. (Lewis, Samuel ...

Price and Demand Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Environmental Sustainability Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environmental Sustainability - Research Paper Example In the article â€Å"Information Systems Innovation for Environmental Sustainability†, the author Nigel Melville (2010) discusses the relationship of information systems to environmental sustainability and how the relationship, in turn, affects society. According to the online business dictionary, Information systems (IS) are â€Å"combined hardware, software, infrastructure and trained personnel organized to facilitate planning, control, coordination, and decision making in an organization†, simply an overall information and resource management that make an organization function. In the aforementioned article the innovation in information systems showed direct effect for environmental sustainability wherein it plays a role in contributing change for shaping a better environment, for a better tomorrow. The article tackles about pioneering practices and processes in IS that improve environmental and economic performance. The article also discussed three types of relations included in the analysis provided namely macro-level variables such as social structure affect the psychic states (beliefs, desires, opportunities, etc.) of individuals; psychic states affect individual action and combined individual action affects macro-lev el variables such as the behaviour of the social system. All these belong to the social system construct which refers to both social and natural systems. These levels lead to the usage of Coleman’s model, which has been widely used in the sociological and organizational structures of analysis. This model fits the belief- action- outcome (BAO) framework which, after data gathering and analysis, research results intersecting information systems and environmental sustainability in organizations (Melville, 2010). Protectionism is defined in the online business dictionary as â€Å"government policy aimed at

Concept Analysis of Caring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Concept Analysis of Caring - Essay Example Nurse is a person capable to provide care while interacting with people. The provision of nursing care enables interactions to depict that this profession provides a basis for nursing as a profession discipline to interact with the society. Caring as a concept can be construed to mean providing for, looking after, or caring about somebody. The disposition for caring can range from a mild concern to a strong attachment of deep-felt love. According to caring and nursing theorists such as Ranheim & Bertero (2012) and Gillespie et al. (2012) caring is both a value and an attitude that becomes an intent due to manifestation of the concrete acts. Other caring philosophers argue that caring relationships establish strong ethos of love, sacrifice, and responsibility in caritative ethic. Care and caring have a feministic inclination due to the natural mother taking care of children. To better understand the approach of caring and the role of the practice I will consolidate empirical findings from three different studies that will reveal the nurse caring intentions to reflect the caring theory in practice. The study aims to elaborate a critical representation of the caring concept as presented in the nursing literature using conceptual analytical approaches. The critical reflection on the caring concept represents the concept as vague and indefinite while ontology and epistemology in profession nursing distinguish conceptual analyses of caring and the structural perspective of language. Additionally the paper will mention the self-referential attributes of the concept of caring, uses, and the analytical methods. An alterative view will explain caring as a discursive practice instead of a rigid entity while informing on the role of the concept in the nursing practice. A poststructuralist view perceives caring as deputation rather than a guiding concept that can c ater for extensive research in caring theory. Lastly the paper will examine the

Psychology For Social Care Practice Essay Example for Free

Psychology For Social Care Practice Essay This essay will demonstrate my understanding of developments which occur at each stage of an individuals life cycle. I will relate these developments to two relevant psychological theories and discuss how an individuals needs must be met to enable them to develop. The human life cycle can be broken down into 5 basic stages (Bingham et al. 2009); Infancy 0-2 years Childhood 2-12 years Adolescence 12-21 years Adulthood 21-65 years Older Adulthood 65+ years During each stage of the life cycle, different physical, emotional, cognitive, social and cultural developments occur; In infancy, physical changes include learning to sit up, crawl and walk independently. At this stage, the infant will begin to look for attention from others and seek affection and love. Infants are able to interact with others by smiling/laughing and crying, and begin to form attachments to main care givers such as family members from around 6 months. Fine motor skills and communication skills (understanding and formation of words) develop rapidly in infancy and individuals will become used to the routines and norms of those around them. In childhood, physical development extends to skills in balance and control over the body. Emotionally, the child will continue to strengthen bonds with primary care givers and social development will move on to interactive play and forming friendships. Language and expression develop further and the child shows a capacity to learn new information and skills as well as learning about and conforming to social and cultural norms. The body begins to change significantly in adolescence; the individual will go through puberty. An adolescent will be more self aware than in childhood and will become detached from primary care givers, instead preferring to form closer relationships with friends and peers. The individual will form stronger affiliations to certain cultural and sub-cultural norms and will express these through personal appearance, partaking in activities and choosing certain peer groups. In early adulthood, the individual will reach a peak of physical fitness which they will thereafter have to work at to maintain. More physical demands are made on the body such as childbearing, work and aging. Emotionally, a person  in adulthood will have established a role possibly in their place of work, or at home as a parent- how effectively they fill their role can effect self esteem. Social development can become limited to those with similar careers or interests and can be hindered by other responsibilities s uch as work and family commitments. Older adults may experience a decline in physical fitness eyesight may deteriorate and the body may become weaker. Some individuals may remain fairly fit well into older adulthood and some may find that physical fitness can deteriorate rapidly. Older adulthood can be isolating and ones self image can be altered through changing of roles eg. retirement. Socially, some find a sense of freedom in being able to leave work behind and live, others lose a sense of purpose and find that their world may become smaller and more family focused. Older adults will have a well established perception of themselves and what they find acceptable as part of their culture. For this essay I have used Mrs. Oswald as a case study. Mrs. Oswald is a resident at Thorneycroft residential care home for older people. She has been a resident at Thorneycroft for six months and at ninety-five years old, is in the final stage of development as detailed in the life cycle breakdown above. Mrs. Oswald is relatively able bodied, she is able to bathe herself but requires help getting in and out of the bath. She is able to move around independently, she does have a tripod to help her with this but she doesnt tend to use it. She is prone to falling over and has fallen fifteen times since moving to Thorneycroft, this is not helped by her insomnia which leaves her restless at night so she ends up wandering around unattended. Mrs. Oswald is hard of hearing and requires a hearing aid but her eyesight is good when wearing her glasses. She has a good level of personal hygiene and takes pride in her appearance. Before coming to Thorneycroft she had home help who assisted her with household tasks such as cooking and housework and helped her with medication for her cellulitis. Mrs. Oswald was a midwife for fifty years, she is well educated and enjoys sharing her knowledge and talking about her career. She keeps her mind active by reading the newspaper, doing crossword puzzles and playing dominoes when she goes to the day centre but it is possible that these activities are not stimulating enough fo r her. She is a little confused at times about her roles; she behaves as though Thorneycroft staff are her employees and adopts a matron-like attitude with them, which probably  crosses over from her role in her career as a midwife. She can be forgetful but does not have dementia and before moving to Thorneycroft was quite vulnerable as she sees the best in people and was being exploited by people doing odd jobs and coming in and out of her home. Mrs. Oswald appears to be content on the surface, she has started to accept death and talks about it openly. Her remaining family all live some distance away in England but she looks forward to a phonecall from her cousin each evening and seems to take comfort in speaking to him, appearing more settled after their conversations. She has outlived her close family husband and daughters and appears lonely. Mrs. Oswald doesnt talk much about her husband an daughters the way she does about her career, it is possible that talking about them makes her feel sad. As before, Mrs. Oswald has not made friends with other residents of Thorneycroft, though she has made a few friends at the daycentre. She likes to talk and could be encouraged to mix more which would help with her feel ings of loneliness, she never had friends or visitors at home before she came to Thorneycroft as her family all live far away and only visit to attend review meetings every six months. She has not formed close relationships with staff at Thorneycroft, instead, as mentioned before she treats them as her employees. Mrs. Oswald is an articulate and well spoken individual who has come from a middle class background. She appears to be well educated and has had a successful career as a midwife spanning fifty years. She had her daughters when she was young and out of wedlock, as a result they were brought up by her mother and Mrs. Oswald left at sixteen to begin her training as a midwife. Her career was important to her and she concentrated on this, not having any more children and marrying late in life. Her middle class upbringing has followed her through life, and she still takes pride in her appearance and has a strong sense of what she believes to be proper. Her husband and her enjoyed going on cruises and she is well- travelled. She does not attend church services or appear to be religious at all. In order for them to progress successfully through each stage in the life cycle, an individuals needs at each stage must be met. For example, our most basic physical needs are shelter and nourishment, if these needs are not met in the infant stage, potential for development and progression into childhood will be threatened. For each aspect of development, certain needs must be met; Physical The body must be kept fit and healthy through nourishment, shelter from the elements and the cold, excercise and rest. Emotional The need to be loved and to feel love for others. Good self esteem can be established from feeling loved and wanted by others. Social Being able to interact and build relationships with people around you. Cognitive The need for opportunities to learn and develop knowledge and keep the mind active. Cultural Having your values, religion, diet, language etc.(norms) as part of your daily life. In order for me to understand the needs of Mrs. Oswald and to what extent her needs have been met throughout her life, I examined Erik Eriksons theory of eight psychosocial stages. Erikson believed that humans develop through eight predetermined stages (a detailed table of these can be found in appendix 1) and in order to progress successfully through life, we must successfully negotiate each stage and that failure to do so results in mental deficiencies suc h as lack of trust, which will remain with us throughout life (Collin et al., p. 273). Each stage has one positive outcome and one negative outcome, and individuals progress through each life stage with a mixture of both, the differences between positive and negative being a result of the environment the individual is developing in. Mrs. Oswald, as an adolescent, would have experienced role confusion. She was from a middle class background but fell pregnant at a young age, resulting in her being hidden away and her mother raising her children as her own. It would have gone against Mrs. Oswalds role as a respectable young girl to have children at such a young age. She went off to train as a midwife at sixteen and left her family and her daughters behind. She concentrated on her career and appeared not to have any intimacy throughout young adulthood. This was resolved in mature adulthood when Mrs. Oswald got married and enjoyed the intimacy which she had missed out on in young adulthood. She never had any more children but her husband nd her appeared to have a happy life and they enjoyed travelling together. Mrs. Oswald is now in maturity and has begun to talk about death in an accepting way. Her needs may not have been met in the early stages of her life where she did not conform to her role in society and her life lacked intimacy, but later in life she had a successful and satisfying career and a happy marriage. I have used Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (see appendix 2) to assess how  Mrs. Oswalds needs are being met now. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs starts at the basic physiological needs we need just to stay alive. Once these are made we have a need for safety, then we want love and affection. Within our group we want to have self esteem. Finally we have a need of satisfying our full potential that Maslow calls Self Actualization (Deeper Mind). Maslow believed that ones needs had to be met at each stage of the hierarchy before the needs at the next stage could be attended to. The first category in Maslows hierarchy refers to physiological needs. I believe that most of Mrs. Oswalds needs are being met at this level. She has plenty to eat and drink and since she is mobile she has some level of excercise. She can have fresh air and she has warmth and shelter. However, Mrs. Oswalds need for sleep is not being met at Thorneycroft. She suffers from insomnia which is not helped by the fact that her bed is too small and therefore uncomfortable for her to sleep in. This has resulted in her being reluctant to settle in bed at night at all, so she is losing out on sleep. As a result of all her physiological needs not being met, all of Mrs. Oswalds safety needs are not being met either. Although she has shelter and security at Thorneycroft, the fact that she does not sleep has compromised her safety as she has a tendency to wander around at night time and is prone to falling as her mobility is not great. Mrs. Oswald appears sad that she has outlived her close family and her husband and doesnt speak about them much. She does have some distant family whom she speaks with on the phone every night which brings her some comfort, but she remains distant with others and reluctant to form close relationships with staff or fellow residents. Her need for love and belonging has not been satisfied. In order for Mrs. Oswald to progress and reach self actualisation the care staff at Thorneycroft must work on the needs which are not being met. Getting her a bed which is comfortable for her to sleep in may help her to settle at night and reduce the risk of a fall. She could be encouraged to mix more with fellow residents and form closer relationships with them as well as staff. This will help with Mrs. Oswalds sense of love and belonging and boost her self-esteem which will help her to reach self actualisation. References BBC (2014) BBC News Magazine. [Online] Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23902918 [Accessed 13/11/2014] BINGHAM, E. et al (2009) HNC Social Care for Scotland. 12th Ed. Essex: Heinemann. COLLIN, C. et al (2012) The Psychology Book. London: DK London. MACLEOD, S. (2011) Simply Psychology. [Online] Available form :http://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html [Accessed 11/11/2014]. NORWOOD, G. (2014) Deeper Mind. [Online] Available from: http://www.deepermind.com/20maslow.htm [Accessed 11/11/2014]